Effect of multiple impacts on protective properties of external hip protectors

Tatjana Bulat1, Shawn Applegarth1, Stuart Wilkinson2, Shirley G Fitzgerald1, Shahbaz Ahmed1, Patricia Quigley11VISN 8 Patient Safety Center of Inquiry, Tampa, FL, USA; 2University of South Florida Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tampa, FL, USAAbstract: A variety of external hip protectors are...

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Autores principales:	Tatjana Bulat, Shawn Applegarth, Stuart Wilkinson, Shirley G Fitzgerald, Shahbaz Ahmed, Patricia Quigley
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2008
Materias:	Geriatrics RC952-954.6
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6c7c91fe18e54f35a80ab92165fe6004
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6c7c91fe18e54f35a80ab92165fe60042021-12-02T02:14:43ZEffect of multiple impacts on protective properties of external hip protectors1178-1998https://doaj.org/article/6c7c91fe18e54f35a80ab92165fe60042008-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/effect-of-multiple-impacts-on-protective-properties-of-external-hip-pr-peer-reviewed-article-CIAhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-1998Tatjana Bulat1, Shawn Applegarth1, Stuart Wilkinson2, Shirley G Fitzgerald1, Shahbaz Ahmed1, Patricia Quigley11VISN 8 Patient Safety Center of Inquiry, Tampa, FL, USA; 2University of South Florida Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tampa, FL, USAAbstract: A variety of external hip protectors are available on the market but no standards for their performance exist and it is unknown if their properties change after repeated fall impacts. The purpose of this study was to determine if protective properties change in different types of new (unused) hip protectors after repeated, simulated falls. Five hip protector brands were chosen to represent different products available on the market and the two mechanisms employed in reducing the force of an impact (shunting or absorbing). Ten pairs of each type (20 pads for each brand) were tested using a 1.8-m Instron Dynatup 9250 HV vertical impact testing tower. The impact testing system was specifically designed for this study by creating a simulated trochanter to provide more accurately a impact area similar to that of a real hip bone. The hip protectors were impacted once a day for 3 consecutive days. Repeated impacts demonstrated the pads’ decreased ability to either absorb or shunt force in all types of hip protectors. However, the mean forces were still in the protective range (force below fracture threshold of 3100 N) for 3 of the 5 brands tested after 3 impacts. The protective properties of external hip protectors do degrade after repeated impacts. The degree of degradation differs from brand to brand. Regardless of type, most pads were still able to bring the force of impact below the fracture threshold of 3100 N. Future studies need to address the issue of durability of different types/brands of hip protectors after repeated laundering and fall impacts to determine when should they be replaced. Additionally, a national or international standard needs to be developed against which the performance of different brands of hip protectors can be compared.Keywords: hip protectors, fall impacts, protective properties, hip fractureTatjana BulatShawn ApplegarthStuart WilkinsonShirley G FitzgeraldShahbaz AhmedPatricia QuigleyDove Medical PressarticleGeriatricsRC952-954.6ENClinical Interventions in Aging, Vol Volume 3, Pp 567-571 (2008)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Geriatrics RC952-954.6
spellingShingle	Geriatrics RC952-954.6 Tatjana Bulat Shawn Applegarth Stuart Wilkinson Shirley G Fitzgerald Shahbaz Ahmed Patricia Quigley Effect of multiple impacts on protective properties of external hip protectors
description	Tatjana Bulat1, Shawn Applegarth1, Stuart Wilkinson2, Shirley G Fitzgerald1, Shahbaz Ahmed1, Patricia Quigley11VISN 8 Patient Safety Center of Inquiry, Tampa, FL, USA; 2University of South Florida Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tampa, FL, USAAbstract: A variety of external hip protectors are available on the market but no standards for their performance exist and it is unknown if their properties change after repeated fall impacts. The purpose of this study was to determine if protective properties change in different types of new (unused) hip protectors after repeated, simulated falls. Five hip protector brands were chosen to represent different products available on the market and the two mechanisms employed in reducing the force of an impact (shunting or absorbing). Ten pairs of each type (20 pads for each brand) were tested using a 1.8-m Instron Dynatup 9250 HV vertical impact testing tower. The impact testing system was specifically designed for this study by creating a simulated trochanter to provide more accurately a impact area similar to that of a real hip bone. The hip protectors were impacted once a day for 3 consecutive days. Repeated impacts demonstrated the pads’ decreased ability to either absorb or shunt force in all types of hip protectors. However, the mean forces were still in the protective range (force below fracture threshold of 3100 N) for 3 of the 5 brands tested after 3 impacts. The protective properties of external hip protectors do degrade after repeated impacts. The degree of degradation differs from brand to brand. Regardless of type, most pads were still able to bring the force of impact below the fracture threshold of 3100 N. Future studies need to address the issue of durability of different types/brands of hip protectors after repeated laundering and fall impacts to determine when should they be replaced. Additionally, a national or international standard needs to be developed against which the performance of different brands of hip protectors can be compared.Keywords: hip protectors, fall impacts, protective properties, hip fracture
format	article
author	Tatjana Bulat Shawn Applegarth Stuart Wilkinson Shirley G Fitzgerald Shahbaz Ahmed Patricia Quigley
author_facet	Tatjana Bulat Shawn Applegarth Stuart Wilkinson Shirley G Fitzgerald Shahbaz Ahmed Patricia Quigley
author_sort	Tatjana Bulat
title	Effect of multiple impacts on protective properties of external hip protectors
title_short	Effect of multiple impacts on protective properties of external hip protectors
title_full	Effect of multiple impacts on protective properties of external hip protectors
title_fullStr	Effect of multiple impacts on protective properties of external hip protectors
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of multiple impacts on protective properties of external hip protectors
title_sort	effect of multiple impacts on protective properties of external hip protectors
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2008
url	https://doaj.org/article/6c7c91fe18e54f35a80ab92165fe6004
work_keys_str_mv	AT tatjanabulat effectofmultipleimpactsonprotectivepropertiesofexternalhipprotectors AT shawnapplegarth effectofmultipleimpactsonprotectivepropertiesofexternalhipprotectors AT stuartwilkinson effectofmultipleimpactsonprotectivepropertiesofexternalhipprotectors AT shirleygfitzgerald effectofmultipleimpactsonprotectivepropertiesofexternalhipprotectors AT shahbazahmed effectofmultipleimpactsonprotectivepropertiesofexternalhipprotectors AT patriciaquigley effectofmultipleimpactsonprotectivepropertiesofexternalhipprotectors
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Effect of multiple impacts on protective properties of external hip protectors

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