Tobacco Hornworm (Manduca sexta) caterpillars as a novel host model for the study of fungal virulence and drug efficacy

The two leading yeast pathogens of humans, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, cause systemic infections in >1.4 million patients worldwide with mortality rates approaching 75%. It is thus imperative to study fungal virulence mechanisms, efficacy of antifungal drugs, and host response p...

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Autores principales:	Naomi Lyons, Isabel Softley, Andrew Balfour, Carolyn Williamson, Heath E. O’Brien, Amol C. Shetty, Vincent M. Bruno, Stephanie Diezmann
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Taylor & Francis Group 2020
Materias:	manduca sexta caterpillar fungal virulence candida cryptococcus saccharomyces metschnikowia antifungal drug host model fungal burden Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6c9ef0c27e6f47d2a653b645f52962e0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6c9ef0c27e6f47d2a653b645f52962e02021-11-17T14:21:58ZTobacco Hornworm (Manduca sexta) caterpillars as a novel host model for the study of fungal virulence and drug efficacy2150-55942150-560810.1080/21505594.2020.1806665https://doaj.org/article/6c9ef0c27e6f47d2a653b645f52962e02020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2020.1806665https://doaj.org/toc/2150-5594https://doaj.org/toc/2150-5608The two leading yeast pathogens of humans, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, cause systemic infections in >1.4 million patients worldwide with mortality rates approaching 75%. It is thus imperative to study fungal virulence mechanisms, efficacy of antifungal drugs, and host response pathways. While this is commonly done in mammalian models, which are afflicted by ethical and practical concerns, invertebrate models, such as wax moth larvae and nematodes have been introduced over the last two decades. To complement existing invertebrate host models, we developed fifth instar caterpillars of the Tobacco Hornworm moth Manduca sexta as a novel host model. These caterpillars can be maintained at 37°C, are suitable for injections with defined amounts of yeast cells, and are susceptible to the most threatening yeast pathogens, including C. albicans, C. neoformans, C. auris, and C. glabrata. Importantly, fungal burden can be assessed daily throughout the course of infection in a single caterpillar’s feces and hemolymph. Infected caterpillars can be rescued by treatment with antifungal drugs. Notably, these animals are large enough for weight to provide a reliable and reproducible measure of fungal disease and to facilitate host tissue-specific expression analyses. M. sexta caterpillars combine a suite of parameters that make them suitable for the study of fungal virulence.Naomi LyonsIsabel SoftleyAndrew BalfourCarolyn WilliamsonHeath E. O’BrienAmol C. ShettyVincent M. BrunoStephanie DiezmannTaylor & Francis Grouparticlemanduca sextacaterpillarfungal virulencecandidacryptococcussaccharomycesmetschnikowiaantifungal drughost modelfungal burdenInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216ENVirulence, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1075-1089 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	manduca sexta caterpillar fungal virulence candida cryptococcus saccharomyces metschnikowia antifungal drug host model fungal burden Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	manduca sexta caterpillar fungal virulence candida cryptococcus saccharomyces metschnikowia antifungal drug host model fungal burden Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Naomi Lyons Isabel Softley Andrew Balfour Carolyn Williamson Heath E. O’Brien Amol C. Shetty Vincent M. Bruno Stephanie Diezmann Tobacco Hornworm (Manduca sexta) caterpillars as a novel host model for the study of fungal virulence and drug efficacy
description	The two leading yeast pathogens of humans, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, cause systemic infections in >1.4 million patients worldwide with mortality rates approaching 75%. It is thus imperative to study fungal virulence mechanisms, efficacy of antifungal drugs, and host response pathways. While this is commonly done in mammalian models, which are afflicted by ethical and practical concerns, invertebrate models, such as wax moth larvae and nematodes have been introduced over the last two decades. To complement existing invertebrate host models, we developed fifth instar caterpillars of the Tobacco Hornworm moth Manduca sexta as a novel host model. These caterpillars can be maintained at 37°C, are suitable for injections with defined amounts of yeast cells, and are susceptible to the most threatening yeast pathogens, including C. albicans, C. neoformans, C. auris, and C. glabrata. Importantly, fungal burden can be assessed daily throughout the course of infection in a single caterpillar’s feces and hemolymph. Infected caterpillars can be rescued by treatment with antifungal drugs. Notably, these animals are large enough for weight to provide a reliable and reproducible measure of fungal disease and to facilitate host tissue-specific expression analyses. M. sexta caterpillars combine a suite of parameters that make them suitable for the study of fungal virulence.
format	article
author	Naomi Lyons Isabel Softley Andrew Balfour Carolyn Williamson Heath E. O’Brien Amol C. Shetty Vincent M. Bruno Stephanie Diezmann
author_facet	Naomi Lyons Isabel Softley Andrew Balfour Carolyn Williamson Heath E. O’Brien Amol C. Shetty Vincent M. Bruno Stephanie Diezmann
author_sort	Naomi Lyons
title	Tobacco Hornworm (Manduca sexta) caterpillars as a novel host model for the study of fungal virulence and drug efficacy
title_short	Tobacco Hornworm (Manduca sexta) caterpillars as a novel host model for the study of fungal virulence and drug efficacy
title_full	Tobacco Hornworm (Manduca sexta) caterpillars as a novel host model for the study of fungal virulence and drug efficacy
title_fullStr	Tobacco Hornworm (Manduca sexta) caterpillars as a novel host model for the study of fungal virulence and drug efficacy
title_full_unstemmed	Tobacco Hornworm (Manduca sexta) caterpillars as a novel host model for the study of fungal virulence and drug efficacy
title_sort	tobacco hornworm (manduca sexta) caterpillars as a novel host model for the study of fungal virulence and drug efficacy
publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/6c9ef0c27e6f47d2a653b645f52962e0
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Tobacco Hornworm (Manduca sexta) caterpillars as a novel host model for the study of fungal virulence and drug efficacy

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