Ecology of peatland testate amoebae in Svalbard and the development of transfer functions for reconstructing past water-table depth and pH

Peatlands are valuable archives of information about past environmental conditions and represent a globally-important carbon store. Robust proxy methods are required to reconstruct past ecohydrological dynamics in high-latitude peatlands to improve our understanding of change in these carbon-rich ec...

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Autores principales:	Thomas G. Sim, Graeme T. Swindles, Paul J. Morris, Andy J. Baird, Dan J. Charman, Matthew J. Amesbury, Dave Beilman, Alex Channon, Angela V. Gallego-Sala
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Testate amoebae Transfer function High Arctic Palaeohydrology Ecology Trophic gradient QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6c9fd2dfb6934690983788919c5f0d4c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6c9fd2dfb6934690983788919c5f0d4c2021-12-01T04:59:28ZEcology of peatland testate amoebae in Svalbard and the development of transfer functions for reconstructing past water-table depth and pH1470-160X10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108122https://doaj.org/article/6c9fd2dfb6934690983788919c5f0d4c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X21007871https://doaj.org/toc/1470-160XPeatlands are valuable archives of information about past environmental conditions and represent a globally-important carbon store. Robust proxy methods are required to reconstruct past ecohydrological dynamics in high-latitude peatlands to improve our understanding of change in these carbon-rich ecosystems. The High Arctic peatlands in Svalbard are at the northern limit of current peatland distribution and have experienced rapidly rising temperatures of 0.81 °C per decade since 1958. We examine the ecology of peatland testate amoebae in surface vegetation samples from permafrost peatlands on Spitsbergen, the largest island of the Svalbard archipelago, and develop new transfer functions to reconstruct water-table depth (WTD) and pH that can be applied to understand past peatland ecosystem dynamics in response to climate change. These transfer functions are the first of their kind for peatlands in Svalbard and the northernmost developed to date. Multivariate statistical analysis shows that WTD and pore water pH are the dominant controls on testate amoeba species distribution. This finding is consistent with results from peatlands in lower latitudes with regard to WTD and supports work showing that when samples are taken across a long enough trophic gradient, peatland trophic status is an important control on the distribution of testate amoebae. No differences were found between transfer functions including and excluding the taxa with weak idiosomic tests (WISTs) that are most susceptible to decay. The final models for application to fossil samples therefore excluded these taxa. The WTD transfer function demonstrates the best performance (R2LOO = 0.719, RMSEPLOO = 3.2 cm), but the pH transfer function also performs well (R2LOO = 0.690, RMSEPLOO = 0.320). The transfer functions were applied to a core from western Spitsbergen and suggest drying conditions ~1750 CE, followed by a trend of recent wetting and increasing pH from ~1920 CE. These new transfer functions allow the reconstruction of past peatland WTD and pH in Svalbard, thereby enabling a greater understanding of long-term ecohydrological dynamics in these rapidly changing ecosystems.Thomas G. SimGraeme T. SwindlesPaul J. MorrisAndy J. BairdDan J. CharmanMatthew J. AmesburyDave BeilmanAlex ChannonAngela V. Gallego-SalaElsevierarticleTestate amoebaeTransfer functionHigh ArcticPalaeohydrologyEcologyTrophic gradientEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcological Indicators, Vol 131, Iss , Pp 108122- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Testate amoebae Transfer function High Arctic Palaeohydrology Ecology Trophic gradient Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	Testate amoebae Transfer function High Arctic Palaeohydrology Ecology Trophic gradient Ecology QH540-549.5 Thomas G. Sim Graeme T. Swindles Paul J. Morris Andy J. Baird Dan J. Charman Matthew J. Amesbury Dave Beilman Alex Channon Angela V. Gallego-Sala Ecology of peatland testate amoebae in Svalbard and the development of transfer functions for reconstructing past water-table depth and pH
description	Peatlands are valuable archives of information about past environmental conditions and represent a globally-important carbon store. Robust proxy methods are required to reconstruct past ecohydrological dynamics in high-latitude peatlands to improve our understanding of change in these carbon-rich ecosystems. The High Arctic peatlands in Svalbard are at the northern limit of current peatland distribution and have experienced rapidly rising temperatures of 0.81 °C per decade since 1958. We examine the ecology of peatland testate amoebae in surface vegetation samples from permafrost peatlands on Spitsbergen, the largest island of the Svalbard archipelago, and develop new transfer functions to reconstruct water-table depth (WTD) and pH that can be applied to understand past peatland ecosystem dynamics in response to climate change. These transfer functions are the first of their kind for peatlands in Svalbard and the northernmost developed to date. Multivariate statistical analysis shows that WTD and pore water pH are the dominant controls on testate amoeba species distribution. This finding is consistent with results from peatlands in lower latitudes with regard to WTD and supports work showing that when samples are taken across a long enough trophic gradient, peatland trophic status is an important control on the distribution of testate amoebae. No differences were found between transfer functions including and excluding the taxa with weak idiosomic tests (WISTs) that are most susceptible to decay. The final models for application to fossil samples therefore excluded these taxa. The WTD transfer function demonstrates the best performance (R2LOO = 0.719, RMSEPLOO = 3.2 cm), but the pH transfer function also performs well (R2LOO = 0.690, RMSEPLOO = 0.320). The transfer functions were applied to a core from western Spitsbergen and suggest drying conditions ~1750 CE, followed by a trend of recent wetting and increasing pH from ~1920 CE. These new transfer functions allow the reconstruction of past peatland WTD and pH in Svalbard, thereby enabling a greater understanding of long-term ecohydrological dynamics in these rapidly changing ecosystems.
format	article
author	Thomas G. Sim Graeme T. Swindles Paul J. Morris Andy J. Baird Dan J. Charman Matthew J. Amesbury Dave Beilman Alex Channon Angela V. Gallego-Sala
author_facet	Thomas G. Sim Graeme T. Swindles Paul J. Morris Andy J. Baird Dan J. Charman Matthew J. Amesbury Dave Beilman Alex Channon Angela V. Gallego-Sala
author_sort	Thomas G. Sim
title	Ecology of peatland testate amoebae in Svalbard and the development of transfer functions for reconstructing past water-table depth and pH
title_short	Ecology of peatland testate amoebae in Svalbard and the development of transfer functions for reconstructing past water-table depth and pH
title_full	Ecology of peatland testate amoebae in Svalbard and the development of transfer functions for reconstructing past water-table depth and pH
title_fullStr	Ecology of peatland testate amoebae in Svalbard and the development of transfer functions for reconstructing past water-table depth and pH
title_full_unstemmed	Ecology of peatland testate amoebae in Svalbard and the development of transfer functions for reconstructing past water-table depth and pH
title_sort	ecology of peatland testate amoebae in svalbard and the development of transfer functions for reconstructing past water-table depth and ph
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6c9fd2dfb6934690983788919c5f0d4c
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Ecology of peatland testate amoebae in Svalbard and the development of transfer functions for reconstructing past water-table depth and pH

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