A specialized myodural bridge named occipital-dural muscle in the narrow-ridged finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)

Abstract A dense bridge-like tissue named the myodural bridge (MDB) connecting the suboccipital muscles to the spinal dura mater was originally discovered in humans. However, recent animal studies have revealed that the MDB appears to be an evolutionarily conserved anatomic structure which may have...

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Autores principales:	Zhao-Xi Zhang, Jin Gong, Sheng-Bo Yu, Chan Li, Jing-Xian Sun, Shuai-Wen Ding, Guo-Jun Ma, Shi-Zhu Sun, Lin Zhou, Gary D. Hack, Nan Zheng, Hong-Jin Sui
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6cc676b493434c5bb0830c6ecddfb1db
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6cc676b493434c5bb0830c6ecddfb1db2021-12-02T16:06:44ZA specialized myodural bridge named occipital-dural muscle in the narrow-ridged finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)10.1038/s41598-021-95070-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/6cc676b493434c5bb0830c6ecddfb1db2021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95070-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract A dense bridge-like tissue named the myodural bridge (MDB) connecting the suboccipital muscles to the spinal dura mater was originally discovered in humans. However, recent animal studies have revealed that the MDB appears to be an evolutionarily conserved anatomic structure which may have significant physiological functions. Our previous investigations have confirmed the existence of the MDB in finless porpoises. The present authors conducted research to expound on the specificity of the MDB in the porpoise Neophocana asiaeorientalis (N.asiaeorientalis). Five carcasses of N.asiaeorientalis, with formalin fixation, were used for the present study. Two of the carcasses were used for head and neck CT scanning, three-dimensional reconstructions, and gross dissection of the suboccipital region. Another carcass was used for a P45 plastination study. Also, a carcass was used for a histological analysis of the suboccipital region and also one was used for a Scanning Electron Microscopy study. The results revealed that the MDB of the N.asiaeorientalis is actually an independent muscle originating from the caudal border of the occiput, passing through the posterior atlanto-occipital interspace, and then attaches to the cervical spinal dura mater. Thus the so called MDB of the N.asiaeorientalis is actually an independent and uniquely specialized muscle. Based on the origin and insertion of this muscle, the present authors name it the ‘Occipital-Dural Muscle’. It appears that the direct pull of this muscle on the cervical spinal dura mater may affect the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid by altering the volume of the subarachnoid space via a pumping action.Zhao-Xi ZhangJin GongSheng-Bo YuChan LiJing-Xian SunShuai-Wen DingGuo-Jun MaShi-Zhu SunLin ZhouGary D. HackNan ZhengHong-Jin SuiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Zhao-Xi Zhang Jin Gong Sheng-Bo Yu Chan Li Jing-Xian Sun Shuai-Wen Ding Guo-Jun Ma Shi-Zhu Sun Lin Zhou Gary D. Hack Nan Zheng Hong-Jin Sui A specialized myodural bridge named occipital-dural muscle in the narrow-ridged finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)
description	Abstract A dense bridge-like tissue named the myodural bridge (MDB) connecting the suboccipital muscles to the spinal dura mater was originally discovered in humans. However, recent animal studies have revealed that the MDB appears to be an evolutionarily conserved anatomic structure which may have significant physiological functions. Our previous investigations have confirmed the existence of the MDB in finless porpoises. The present authors conducted research to expound on the specificity of the MDB in the porpoise Neophocana asiaeorientalis (N.asiaeorientalis). Five carcasses of N.asiaeorientalis, with formalin fixation, were used for the present study. Two of the carcasses were used for head and neck CT scanning, three-dimensional reconstructions, and gross dissection of the suboccipital region. Another carcass was used for a P45 plastination study. Also, a carcass was used for a histological analysis of the suboccipital region and also one was used for a Scanning Electron Microscopy study. The results revealed that the MDB of the N.asiaeorientalis is actually an independent muscle originating from the caudal border of the occiput, passing through the posterior atlanto-occipital interspace, and then attaches to the cervical spinal dura mater. Thus the so called MDB of the N.asiaeorientalis is actually an independent and uniquely specialized muscle. Based on the origin and insertion of this muscle, the present authors name it the ‘Occipital-Dural Muscle’. It appears that the direct pull of this muscle on the cervical spinal dura mater may affect the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid by altering the volume of the subarachnoid space via a pumping action.
format	article
author	Zhao-Xi Zhang Jin Gong Sheng-Bo Yu Chan Li Jing-Xian Sun Shuai-Wen Ding Guo-Jun Ma Shi-Zhu Sun Lin Zhou Gary D. Hack Nan Zheng Hong-Jin Sui
author_facet	Zhao-Xi Zhang Jin Gong Sheng-Bo Yu Chan Li Jing-Xian Sun Shuai-Wen Ding Guo-Jun Ma Shi-Zhu Sun Lin Zhou Gary D. Hack Nan Zheng Hong-Jin Sui
author_sort	Zhao-Xi Zhang
title	A specialized myodural bridge named occipital-dural muscle in the narrow-ridged finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)
title_short	A specialized myodural bridge named occipital-dural muscle in the narrow-ridged finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)
title_full	A specialized myodural bridge named occipital-dural muscle in the narrow-ridged finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)
title_fullStr	A specialized myodural bridge named occipital-dural muscle in the narrow-ridged finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)
title_full_unstemmed	A specialized myodural bridge named occipital-dural muscle in the narrow-ridged finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)
title_sort	specialized myodural bridge named occipital-dural muscle in the narrow-ridged finless porpoise (neophocaena asiaeorientalis)
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6cc676b493434c5bb0830c6ecddfb1db
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A specialized myodural bridge named occipital-dural muscle in the narrow-ridged finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)

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