Lignosulfonate-Based Polyurethane Adhesives

The feasibility of using lignosulfonate (LS) from acid sulphite pulping of eucalyptus wood as an unmodified polyol in the formulation of polyurethane (PU) adhesives was evaluated. Purified LS was dissolved in water to simulate its concentration in sulphite spent liquor and then reacted with 4,4′-dip...

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Autores principales: Sandra Magina, Nuno Gama, Luísa Carvalho, Ana Barros-Timmons, Dmitry Victorovitch Evtuguin
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Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:6cca74694d2b4ea2bea81b248a56ef702021-11-25T18:16:09ZLignosulfonate-Based Polyurethane Adhesives10.3390/ma142270721996-1944https://doaj.org/article/6cca74694d2b4ea2bea81b248a56ef702021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/22/7072https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944The feasibility of using lignosulfonate (LS) from acid sulphite pulping of eucalyptus wood as an unmodified polyol in the formulation of polyurethane (PU) adhesives was evaluated. Purified LS was dissolved in water to simulate its concentration in sulphite spent liquor and then reacted with 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) in the presence or absence of poly(ethylene glycol) with <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 200 (PEG<sub>200</sub>) as soft crosslinking segment. The ensuing LS-based PU adhesives were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis techniques. The adhesion strength of new adhesives was assessed using Automated Bonding Evaluation System (ABES) employing wood strips as a testing material. The results showed that the addition of PEG<sub>200</sub> contributed positively both to the homogenization of the reaction mixture and better crosslinking of the polymeric network, as well as to the interface interactions and adhesive strength. The latter was comparable to the adhesive strength recorded for a commercial white glue with shear stress values of almost 3 MPa. The optimized LS-based PU adhesive formulation was examined for the curing kinetics following the Kissinger and the Ozawa methods by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry, which revealed the curing activation energy of about 70 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>.Sandra MaginaNuno GamaLuísa CarvalhoAna Barros-TimmonsDmitry Victorovitch EvtuguinMDPI AGarticlelignosulphonateadhesivepMDIpolyurethaneadhesioncuring kineticsTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 7072, p 7072 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic lignosulphonate
adhesive
pMDI
polyurethane
adhesion
curing kinetics
Technology
T
Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering
TK1-9971
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
TA1-2040
Microscopy
QH201-278.5
Descriptive and experimental mechanics
QC120-168.85
spellingShingle lignosulphonate
adhesive
pMDI
polyurethane
adhesion
curing kinetics
Technology
T
Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering
TK1-9971
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
TA1-2040
Microscopy
QH201-278.5
Descriptive and experimental mechanics
QC120-168.85
Sandra Magina
Nuno Gama
Luísa Carvalho
Ana Barros-Timmons
Dmitry Victorovitch Evtuguin
Lignosulfonate-Based Polyurethane Adhesives
description The feasibility of using lignosulfonate (LS) from acid sulphite pulping of eucalyptus wood as an unmodified polyol in the formulation of polyurethane (PU) adhesives was evaluated. Purified LS was dissolved in water to simulate its concentration in sulphite spent liquor and then reacted with 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) in the presence or absence of poly(ethylene glycol) with <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 200 (PEG<sub>200</sub>) as soft crosslinking segment. The ensuing LS-based PU adhesives were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis techniques. The adhesion strength of new adhesives was assessed using Automated Bonding Evaluation System (ABES) employing wood strips as a testing material. The results showed that the addition of PEG<sub>200</sub> contributed positively both to the homogenization of the reaction mixture and better crosslinking of the polymeric network, as well as to the interface interactions and adhesive strength. The latter was comparable to the adhesive strength recorded for a commercial white glue with shear stress values of almost 3 MPa. The optimized LS-based PU adhesive formulation was examined for the curing kinetics following the Kissinger and the Ozawa methods by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry, which revealed the curing activation energy of about 70 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>.
format article
author Sandra Magina
Nuno Gama
Luísa Carvalho
Ana Barros-Timmons
Dmitry Victorovitch Evtuguin
author_facet Sandra Magina
Nuno Gama
Luísa Carvalho
Ana Barros-Timmons
Dmitry Victorovitch Evtuguin
author_sort Sandra Magina
title Lignosulfonate-Based Polyurethane Adhesives
title_short Lignosulfonate-Based Polyurethane Adhesives
title_full Lignosulfonate-Based Polyurethane Adhesives
title_fullStr Lignosulfonate-Based Polyurethane Adhesives
title_full_unstemmed Lignosulfonate-Based Polyurethane Adhesives
title_sort lignosulfonate-based polyurethane adhesives
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/6cca74694d2b4ea2bea81b248a56ef70
work_keys_str_mv AT sandramagina lignosulfonatebasedpolyurethaneadhesives
AT nunogama lignosulfonatebasedpolyurethaneadhesives
AT luisacarvalho lignosulfonatebasedpolyurethaneadhesives
AT anabarrostimmons lignosulfonatebasedpolyurethaneadhesives
AT dmitryvictorovitchevtuguin lignosulfonatebasedpolyurethaneadhesives
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