Nutritional Ketosis as a Potential Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic, relapsing brain disorder, characterized by compulsive alcohol seeking and disrupted brain function. In individuals with AUD, abstinence from alcohol often precipitates withdrawal symptoms than can be life threatening. Here, we review evidence for nutritional...

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Autores principales:	Vikrant R. Mahajan, Sophie K. Elvig, Leandro F. Vendruscolo, George F. Koob, Valerie L. Darcey, M. Todd King, Henry R. Kranzler, Nora D. Volkow, Corinde E. Wiers
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	alcoholism alcohol dependence alcohol withdrawal ketogenic diet ketone ester alcohol metabolism Psychiatry RC435-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6ccbabd437f746bd9c676280ae042a7e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6ccbabd437f746bd9c676280ae042a7e2021-12-01T18:25:13ZNutritional Ketosis as a Potential Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder1664-064010.3389/fpsyt.2021.781668https://doaj.org/article/6ccbabd437f746bd9c676280ae042a7e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.781668/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-0640Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic, relapsing brain disorder, characterized by compulsive alcohol seeking and disrupted brain function. In individuals with AUD, abstinence from alcohol often precipitates withdrawal symptoms than can be life threatening. Here, we review evidence for nutritional ketosis as a potential means to reduce withdrawal and alcohol craving. We also review the underlying mechanisms of action of ketosis. Several findings suggest that during alcohol intoxication there is a shift from glucose to acetate metabolism that is enhanced in individuals with AUD. During withdrawal, there is a decline in acetate levels that can result in an energy deficit and could contribute to neurotoxicity. A ketogenic diet or ingestion of a ketone ester elevates ketone bodies (acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate and acetone) in plasma and brain, resulting in nutritional ketosis. These effects have been shown to reduce alcohol withdrawal symptoms, alcohol craving, and alcohol consumption in both preclinical and clinical studies. Thus, nutritional ketosis may represent a unique treatment option for AUD: namely, a nutritional intervention that could be used alone or to augment the effects of medications.Vikrant R. MahajanSophie K. ElvigLeandro F. VendruscoloGeorge F. KoobValerie L. DarceyM. Todd KingHenry R. KranzlerNora D. VolkowCorinde E. WiersFrontiers Media S.A.articlealcoholismalcohol dependencealcohol withdrawalketogenic dietketone esteralcohol metabolismPsychiatryRC435-571ENFrontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	alcoholism alcohol dependence alcohol withdrawal ketogenic diet ketone ester alcohol metabolism Psychiatry RC435-571
spellingShingle	alcoholism alcohol dependence alcohol withdrawal ketogenic diet ketone ester alcohol metabolism Psychiatry RC435-571 Vikrant R. Mahajan Sophie K. Elvig Leandro F. Vendruscolo George F. Koob Valerie L. Darcey M. Todd King Henry R. Kranzler Nora D. Volkow Corinde E. Wiers Nutritional Ketosis as a Potential Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder
description	Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic, relapsing brain disorder, characterized by compulsive alcohol seeking and disrupted brain function. In individuals with AUD, abstinence from alcohol often precipitates withdrawal symptoms than can be life threatening. Here, we review evidence for nutritional ketosis as a potential means to reduce withdrawal and alcohol craving. We also review the underlying mechanisms of action of ketosis. Several findings suggest that during alcohol intoxication there is a shift from glucose to acetate metabolism that is enhanced in individuals with AUD. During withdrawal, there is a decline in acetate levels that can result in an energy deficit and could contribute to neurotoxicity. A ketogenic diet or ingestion of a ketone ester elevates ketone bodies (acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate and acetone) in plasma and brain, resulting in nutritional ketosis. These effects have been shown to reduce alcohol withdrawal symptoms, alcohol craving, and alcohol consumption in both preclinical and clinical studies. Thus, nutritional ketosis may represent a unique treatment option for AUD: namely, a nutritional intervention that could be used alone or to augment the effects of medications.
format	article
author	Vikrant R. Mahajan Sophie K. Elvig Leandro F. Vendruscolo George F. Koob Valerie L. Darcey M. Todd King Henry R. Kranzler Nora D. Volkow Corinde E. Wiers
author_facet	Vikrant R. Mahajan Sophie K. Elvig Leandro F. Vendruscolo George F. Koob Valerie L. Darcey M. Todd King Henry R. Kranzler Nora D. Volkow Corinde E. Wiers
author_sort	Vikrant R. Mahajan
title	Nutritional Ketosis as a Potential Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder
title_short	Nutritional Ketosis as a Potential Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder
title_full	Nutritional Ketosis as a Potential Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder
title_fullStr	Nutritional Ketosis as a Potential Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder
title_full_unstemmed	Nutritional Ketosis as a Potential Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder
title_sort	nutritional ketosis as a potential treatment for alcohol use disorder
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6ccbabd437f746bd9c676280ae042a7e
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Nutritional Ketosis as a Potential Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder

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