Nanoscale modification of porous gelatin scaffolds with chondroitin sulfate for corneal stromal tissue engineering

Jui-Yang Lai*, Ya-Ting Li*, Ching-Hsien Cho, Ting-Chun Yu Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workAbstract: Recent studies reflect the importance of using naturally occurring biopolym...

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Autores principales:	Lai JY, Li YT, Cho CH, Yu TC
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2012
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6cd19175535243dfb88b4b82f59270a7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6cd19175535243dfb88b4b82f59270a72021-12-02T02:42:18ZNanoscale modification of porous gelatin scaffolds with chondroitin sulfate for corneal stromal tissue engineering1176-91141178-2013https://doaj.org/article/6cd19175535243dfb88b4b82f59270a72012-02-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/nanoscale-modification-of-porous-gelatin-scaffolds-with-chondroitin-su-a9335https://doaj.org/toc/1176-9114https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Jui-Yang Lai, Ya-Ting Li, Ching-Hsien Cho, Ting-Chun Yu Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workAbstract: Recent studies reflect the importance of using naturally occurring biopolymers as three-dimensional corneal keratocyte scaffolds and suggest that the porous structure of gelatin materials may play an important role in controlling nutrient uptake. In the current study, the authors further consider the application of carbodiimide cross-linked porous gelatin as an alternative to collagen for corneal stromal tissue engineering. The authors developed corneal keratocyte scaffolds by nanoscale modification of porous gelatin materials with chondroitin sulfate (CS) using carbodiimide chemistry. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the amount of covalently incorporated polysaccharide was significantly increased when the CS concentration was increased from 0% to 1.25% (w/v). In addition, as demonstrated by dimethylmethylene blue assays, the CS content in these samples was in the range of 0.078&ndash;0.149 nmol per 10 mg scaffold. When compared with their counterparts without CS treatment, various CS-modified porous gelatin membranes exhibited higher levels of water content, light transmittance, and amount of permeated nutrients but possessed lower Young&rsquo;s modulus and resistance against protease digestion. The hydrophilic and mechanical properties of scaffolds modified with 0.25% CS were comparable with those of native corneas. The samples from this group were biocompatible with the rabbit corneal keratocytes and showed enhanced proliferative and biosynthetic capacity of cultured cells. In summary, the authors found that the nanoscale-level modification has influence on the characteristics and cell-material interactions of CS-containing gelatin hydrogels. Porous membranes with a CS content of 0.112 &plusmn; 0.003 nmol per 10 mg scaffold may hold potential for use in corneal stromal tissue engineering.Keywords: corneal keratocyte, carbodiimide chemistry, porous gelatin membranes, stromaLai JYLi YTCho CHYu TCDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2012, Iss default, Pp 1101-1114 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Lai JY Li YT Cho CH Yu TC Nanoscale modification of porous gelatin scaffolds with chondroitin sulfate for corneal stromal tissue engineering
description	Jui-Yang Lai, Ya-Ting Li, Ching-Hsien Cho, Ting-Chun Yu Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workAbstract: Recent studies reflect the importance of using naturally occurring biopolymers as three-dimensional corneal keratocyte scaffolds and suggest that the porous structure of gelatin materials may play an important role in controlling nutrient uptake. In the current study, the authors further consider the application of carbodiimide cross-linked porous gelatin as an alternative to collagen for corneal stromal tissue engineering. The authors developed corneal keratocyte scaffolds by nanoscale modification of porous gelatin materials with chondroitin sulfate (CS) using carbodiimide chemistry. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the amount of covalently incorporated polysaccharide was significantly increased when the CS concentration was increased from 0% to 1.25% (w/v). In addition, as demonstrated by dimethylmethylene blue assays, the CS content in these samples was in the range of 0.078&ndash;0.149 nmol per 10 mg scaffold. When compared with their counterparts without CS treatment, various CS-modified porous gelatin membranes exhibited higher levels of water content, light transmittance, and amount of permeated nutrients but possessed lower Young&rsquo;s modulus and resistance against protease digestion. The hydrophilic and mechanical properties of scaffolds modified with 0.25% CS were comparable with those of native corneas. The samples from this group were biocompatible with the rabbit corneal keratocytes and showed enhanced proliferative and biosynthetic capacity of cultured cells. In summary, the authors found that the nanoscale-level modification has influence on the characteristics and cell-material interactions of CS-containing gelatin hydrogels. Porous membranes with a CS content of 0.112 &plusmn; 0.003 nmol per 10 mg scaffold may hold potential for use in corneal stromal tissue engineering.Keywords: corneal keratocyte, carbodiimide chemistry, porous gelatin membranes, stroma
format	article
author	Lai JY Li YT Cho CH Yu TC
author_facet	Lai JY Li YT Cho CH Yu TC
author_sort	Lai JY
title	Nanoscale modification of porous gelatin scaffolds with chondroitin sulfate for corneal stromal tissue engineering
title_short	Nanoscale modification of porous gelatin scaffolds with chondroitin sulfate for corneal stromal tissue engineering
title_full	Nanoscale modification of porous gelatin scaffolds with chondroitin sulfate for corneal stromal tissue engineering
title_fullStr	Nanoscale modification of porous gelatin scaffolds with chondroitin sulfate for corneal stromal tissue engineering
title_full_unstemmed	Nanoscale modification of porous gelatin scaffolds with chondroitin sulfate for corneal stromal tissue engineering
title_sort	nanoscale modification of porous gelatin scaffolds with chondroitin sulfate for corneal stromal tissue engineering
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/6cd19175535243dfb88b4b82f59270a7
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Nanoscale modification of porous gelatin scaffolds with chondroitin sulfate for corneal stromal tissue engineering

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