Physicochemical characterization of a novel graphene-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent

Shruti Kanakia,1 Jimmy D Toussaint,1 Sayan Mullick Chowdhury,1 Gaurav Lalwanim,1 Tanuf Tembulkar,1 Terry Button,1,2 Kenneth R Shroyer,3 William Moore,2 Balaji Sitharaman11Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2Department of Radiology, 3Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY...

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Autores principales:	Kanakia S, Toussaint JD, Mullick Chowdhury S, Lalwani G, Tembulkar T, Button T, Shroyer KR, Moore W, Sitharaman B
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2013
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6cd2f9f572b041ce8cc380f03855bb38
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6cd2f9f572b041ce8cc380f03855bb382021-12-02T00:54:48ZPhysicochemical characterization of a novel graphene-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent1176-91141178-2013https://doaj.org/article/6cd2f9f572b041ce8cc380f03855bb382013-08-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/physicochemical-characterization-of-a-novel-graphene-based-magnetic-re-a13906https://doaj.org/toc/1176-9114https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Shruti Kanakia,1 Jimmy D Toussaint,1 Sayan Mullick Chowdhury,1 Gaurav Lalwanim,1 Tanuf Tembulkar,1 Terry Button,1,2 Kenneth R Shroyer,3 William Moore,2 Balaji Sitharaman11Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2Department of Radiology, 3Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USAAbstract: We report the synthesis and characterization of a novel carbon nanostructure-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent (MRI CA); graphene nanoplatelets intercalated with manganese (Mn2+) ions, functionalized with dextran (GNP-Dex); and the in vitro assessment of its essential preclinical physicochemical properties: osmolality, viscosity, partition coefficient, protein binding, thermostability, histamine release, and relaxivity. The results indicate that, at concentrations between 0.1 and 100.0 mg/mL, the GNP-Dex formulations are hydrophilic, highly soluble, and stable in deionized water, as well as iso-osmolar (upon addition of mannitol) and iso-viscous to blood. At potential steady-state equilibrium concentrations in blood (0.1–10.0 mg/mL), the thermostability, protein-binding, and histamine-release studies indicate that the GNP-Dex formulations are thermally stable (with no Mn2+ ion dissociation), do not allow non-specific protein adsorption, and elicit negligible allergic response. The r1 relaxivity of GNP-Dex was 92 mM-1s-1 (per-Mn2+ ion, 22 MHz proton Larmor frequency); ~20- to 30-fold greater than that of clinical gadolinium (Gd3+)- and Mn2+-based MRI CAs. The results open avenues for preclinical in vivo safety and efficacy studies with GNP-Dex toward its development as a clinical MRI CA.Keywords: manganese, dextran, preclinical, physicochemical properties, relaxivity, graphene, magnetic resonance imaging, contrast agentKanakia SToussaint JDMullick Chowdhury SLalwani GTembulkar TButton TShroyer KRMoore WSitharaman BDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2013, Iss default, Pp 2821-2833 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Kanakia S Toussaint JD Mullick Chowdhury S Lalwani G Tembulkar T Button T Shroyer KR Moore W Sitharaman B Physicochemical characterization of a novel graphene-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent
description	Shruti Kanakia,1 Jimmy D Toussaint,1 Sayan Mullick Chowdhury,1 Gaurav Lalwanim,1 Tanuf Tembulkar,1 Terry Button,1,2 Kenneth R Shroyer,3 William Moore,2 Balaji Sitharaman11Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2Department of Radiology, 3Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USAAbstract: We report the synthesis and characterization of a novel carbon nanostructure-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent (MRI CA); graphene nanoplatelets intercalated with manganese (Mn2+) ions, functionalized with dextran (GNP-Dex); and the in vitro assessment of its essential preclinical physicochemical properties: osmolality, viscosity, partition coefficient, protein binding, thermostability, histamine release, and relaxivity. The results indicate that, at concentrations between 0.1 and 100.0 mg/mL, the GNP-Dex formulations are hydrophilic, highly soluble, and stable in deionized water, as well as iso-osmolar (upon addition of mannitol) and iso-viscous to blood. At potential steady-state equilibrium concentrations in blood (0.1–10.0 mg/mL), the thermostability, protein-binding, and histamine-release studies indicate that the GNP-Dex formulations are thermally stable (with no Mn2+ ion dissociation), do not allow non-specific protein adsorption, and elicit negligible allergic response. The r1 relaxivity of GNP-Dex was 92 mM-1s-1 (per-Mn2+ ion, 22 MHz proton Larmor frequency); ~20- to 30-fold greater than that of clinical gadolinium (Gd3+)- and Mn2+-based MRI CAs. The results open avenues for preclinical in vivo safety and efficacy studies with GNP-Dex toward its development as a clinical MRI CA.Keywords: manganese, dextran, preclinical, physicochemical properties, relaxivity, graphene, magnetic resonance imaging, contrast agent
format	article
author	Kanakia S Toussaint JD Mullick Chowdhury S Lalwani G Tembulkar T Button T Shroyer KR Moore W Sitharaman B
author_facet	Kanakia S Toussaint JD Mullick Chowdhury S Lalwani G Tembulkar T Button T Shroyer KR Moore W Sitharaman B
author_sort	Kanakia S
title	Physicochemical characterization of a novel graphene-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent
title_short	Physicochemical characterization of a novel graphene-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent
title_full	Physicochemical characterization of a novel graphene-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent
title_fullStr	Physicochemical characterization of a novel graphene-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent
title_full_unstemmed	Physicochemical characterization of a novel graphene-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent
title_sort	physicochemical characterization of a novel graphene-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/6cd2f9f572b041ce8cc380f03855bb38
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Physicochemical characterization of a novel graphene-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent

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