Enduring fluoride health hazard for the Vesuvius area population: the case of AD 79 Herculaneum.

<h4>Background</h4>The study of ancient skeletal pathologies can be adopted as a key tool in assessing and tracing several diseases from past to present times. Skeletal fluorosis, a chronic metabolic bone and joint disease causing excessive ossification and joint ankylosis, has been only...

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Autores principales:	Pierpaolo Petrone, Michele Giordano, Stefano Giustino, Fabio M Guarino
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6cdcbbd44bc14d018e0fca8d600553ca
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6cdcbbd44bc14d018e0fca8d600553ca2021-11-18T06:51:58ZEnduring fluoride health hazard for the Vesuvius area population: the case of AD 79 Herculaneum.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0021085https://doaj.org/article/6cdcbbd44bc14d018e0fca8d600553ca2011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21698155/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>The study of ancient skeletal pathologies can be adopted as a key tool in assessing and tracing several diseases from past to present times. Skeletal fluorosis, a chronic metabolic bone and joint disease causing excessive ossification and joint ankylosis, has been only rarely considered in differential diagnoses of palaeopathological lesions. Even today its early stages are misdiagnosed in endemic areas.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Endemic fluorosis induced by high concentrations of fluoride in water and soils is a major health problem in several countries, particularly in volcanic areas. Here we describe for the first time the features of endemic fluorosis in the Herculaneum victims of the 79 AD eruption, resulting from long-term exposure to high levels of environmental fluoride which still occur today.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Our observations on morphological, radiological, histological and chemical skeletal and dental features of this ancient population now suggest that in this area fluorosis was already endemic in Roman times. This evidence merged with currently available epidemiologic data reveal for the Vesuvius area population a permanent fluoride health hazard, whose public health and socio-economic impact is currently underestimated. The present guidelines for fluoridated tap water might be reconsidered accordingly, particularly around Mt Vesuvius and in other fluoride hazard areas with high natural fluoride levels.Pierpaolo PetroneMichele GiordanoStefano GiustinoFabio M GuarinoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 6, p e21085 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Pierpaolo Petrone Michele Giordano Stefano Giustino Fabio M Guarino Enduring fluoride health hazard for the Vesuvius area population: the case of AD 79 Herculaneum.
description	<h4>Background</h4>The study of ancient skeletal pathologies can be adopted as a key tool in assessing and tracing several diseases from past to present times. Skeletal fluorosis, a chronic metabolic bone and joint disease causing excessive ossification and joint ankylosis, has been only rarely considered in differential diagnoses of palaeopathological lesions. Even today its early stages are misdiagnosed in endemic areas.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Endemic fluorosis induced by high concentrations of fluoride in water and soils is a major health problem in several countries, particularly in volcanic areas. Here we describe for the first time the features of endemic fluorosis in the Herculaneum victims of the 79 AD eruption, resulting from long-term exposure to high levels of environmental fluoride which still occur today.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Our observations on morphological, radiological, histological and chemical skeletal and dental features of this ancient population now suggest that in this area fluorosis was already endemic in Roman times. This evidence merged with currently available epidemiologic data reveal for the Vesuvius area population a permanent fluoride health hazard, whose public health and socio-economic impact is currently underestimated. The present guidelines for fluoridated tap water might be reconsidered accordingly, particularly around Mt Vesuvius and in other fluoride hazard areas with high natural fluoride levels.
format	article
author	Pierpaolo Petrone Michele Giordano Stefano Giustino Fabio M Guarino
author_facet	Pierpaolo Petrone Michele Giordano Stefano Giustino Fabio M Guarino
author_sort	Pierpaolo Petrone
title	Enduring fluoride health hazard for the Vesuvius area population: the case of AD 79 Herculaneum.
title_short	Enduring fluoride health hazard for the Vesuvius area population: the case of AD 79 Herculaneum.
title_full	Enduring fluoride health hazard for the Vesuvius area population: the case of AD 79 Herculaneum.
title_fullStr	Enduring fluoride health hazard for the Vesuvius area population: the case of AD 79 Herculaneum.
title_full_unstemmed	Enduring fluoride health hazard for the Vesuvius area population: the case of AD 79 Herculaneum.
title_sort	enduring fluoride health hazard for the vesuvius area population: the case of ad 79 herculaneum.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/6cdcbbd44bc14d018e0fca8d600553ca
work_keys_str_mv	AT pierpaolopetrone enduringfluoridehealthhazardforthevesuviusareapopulationthecaseofad79herculaneum AT michelegiordano enduringfluoridehealthhazardforthevesuviusareapopulationthecaseofad79herculaneum AT stefanogiustino enduringfluoridehealthhazardforthevesuviusareapopulationthecaseofad79herculaneum AT fabiomguarino enduringfluoridehealthhazardforthevesuviusareapopulationthecaseofad79herculaneum
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Enduring fluoride health hazard for the Vesuvius area population: the case of AD 79 Herculaneum.

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