Dexmedetomidine does not compromise neuronal viability, synaptic connectivity, learning and memory in a rodent model

Abstract Recent animal studies have drawn concerns regarding most commonly used anesthetics and their long-term cytotoxic effects, specifically on the nervous tissue. It is therefore imperative that the search continues for agents that are non-toxic at both the cellular and behavioural level. One su...

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Autores principales:	Nerea Jimenez-Tellez, Fahad Iqbal, Marcus Pehar, Alberto Casas-Ortiz, Tiffany Rice, Naweed I. Syed
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6d05ce3e113c4d00bcd9e33bd9587b7b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6d05ce3e113c4d00bcd9e33bd9587b7b2021-12-02T16:27:54ZDexmedetomidine does not compromise neuronal viability, synaptic connectivity, learning and memory in a rodent model10.1038/s41598-021-95635-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/6d05ce3e113c4d00bcd9e33bd9587b7b2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95635-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Recent animal studies have drawn concerns regarding most commonly used anesthetics and their long-term cytotoxic effects, specifically on the nervous tissue. It is therefore imperative that the search continues for agents that are non-toxic at both the cellular and behavioural level. One such agent appears to be dexmedetomidine (DEX) which has not only been found to be less neurotoxic but has also been shown to protect neurons from cytotoxicity induced by other anesthetic agents. However, DEX’s effects on the growth and synaptic connectivity at the individual neuronal level, and the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully resolved. Here, we tested DEX for its impact on neuronal growth, synapse formation (in vitro) and learning and memory in a rodent model. Rat cortical neurons were exposed to a range of clinically relevant DEX concentrations (0.05–10 µM) and cellular viability, neurite outgrowth, synaptic assembly and mitochondrial morphology were assessed. We discovered that DEX did not affect neuronal viability when used below 10 µM, whereas significant cell death was noted at higher concentrations. Interestingly, in the presence of DEX, neurons exhibited more neurite branching, albeit with no differences in corresponding synaptic puncta formation. When rat pups were injected subcutaneously with DEX 25 µg/kg on postnatal day 7 and again on postnatal day 8, we discovered that this agent did not affect hippocampal-dependent memory in freely behaving animals. Our data demonstrates, for the first time, the non-neurotoxic nature of DEX both in vitro and in vivo in an animal model providing support for its utility as a safer anesthetic agent. Moreover, this study provides the first direct evidence that although DEX is growth permissive, causes mitochondrial fusion and reduces oxygen reactive species production, it does not affect the total number of synaptic connections between the cortical neurons in vitro.Nerea Jimenez-TellezFahad IqbalMarcus PeharAlberto Casas-OrtizTiffany RiceNaweed I. SyedNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Nerea Jimenez-Tellez Fahad Iqbal Marcus Pehar Alberto Casas-Ortiz Tiffany Rice Naweed I. Syed Dexmedetomidine does not compromise neuronal viability, synaptic connectivity, learning and memory in a rodent model
description	Abstract Recent animal studies have drawn concerns regarding most commonly used anesthetics and their long-term cytotoxic effects, specifically on the nervous tissue. It is therefore imperative that the search continues for agents that are non-toxic at both the cellular and behavioural level. One such agent appears to be dexmedetomidine (DEX) which has not only been found to be less neurotoxic but has also been shown to protect neurons from cytotoxicity induced by other anesthetic agents. However, DEX’s effects on the growth and synaptic connectivity at the individual neuronal level, and the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully resolved. Here, we tested DEX for its impact on neuronal growth, synapse formation (in vitro) and learning and memory in a rodent model. Rat cortical neurons were exposed to a range of clinically relevant DEX concentrations (0.05–10 µM) and cellular viability, neurite outgrowth, synaptic assembly and mitochondrial morphology were assessed. We discovered that DEX did not affect neuronal viability when used below 10 µM, whereas significant cell death was noted at higher concentrations. Interestingly, in the presence of DEX, neurons exhibited more neurite branching, albeit with no differences in corresponding synaptic puncta formation. When rat pups were injected subcutaneously with DEX 25 µg/kg on postnatal day 7 and again on postnatal day 8, we discovered that this agent did not affect hippocampal-dependent memory in freely behaving animals. Our data demonstrates, for the first time, the non-neurotoxic nature of DEX both in vitro and in vivo in an animal model providing support for its utility as a safer anesthetic agent. Moreover, this study provides the first direct evidence that although DEX is growth permissive, causes mitochondrial fusion and reduces oxygen reactive species production, it does not affect the total number of synaptic connections between the cortical neurons in vitro.
format	article
author	Nerea Jimenez-Tellez Fahad Iqbal Marcus Pehar Alberto Casas-Ortiz Tiffany Rice Naweed I. Syed
author_facet	Nerea Jimenez-Tellez Fahad Iqbal Marcus Pehar Alberto Casas-Ortiz Tiffany Rice Naweed I. Syed
author_sort	Nerea Jimenez-Tellez
title	Dexmedetomidine does not compromise neuronal viability, synaptic connectivity, learning and memory in a rodent model
title_short	Dexmedetomidine does not compromise neuronal viability, synaptic connectivity, learning and memory in a rodent model
title_full	Dexmedetomidine does not compromise neuronal viability, synaptic connectivity, learning and memory in a rodent model
title_fullStr	Dexmedetomidine does not compromise neuronal viability, synaptic connectivity, learning and memory in a rodent model
title_full_unstemmed	Dexmedetomidine does not compromise neuronal viability, synaptic connectivity, learning and memory in a rodent model
title_sort	dexmedetomidine does not compromise neuronal viability, synaptic connectivity, learning and memory in a rodent model
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6d05ce3e113c4d00bcd9e33bd9587b7b
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Dexmedetomidine does not compromise neuronal viability, synaptic connectivity, learning and memory in a rodent model

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