Mummified Oligocene fruits of Schima (Theaceae) and their systematic and biogeographic implications

Abstract The genus Schima includes about 20 species and is distributed only in southern China and adjacent areas of Asia. The previous molecular phylogenetic analysis suggested Schima is in the tribe Gordoniae, along with Gordonia and Franklinia. However, because few fossils have been reported, the...

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Autores principales:	Xiang-Gang Shi, Qiong-Yao Fu, Jian-Hua Jin, Cheng Quan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6d185a12a5984cc88bb4fb117390bd76
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6d185a12a5984cc88bb4fb117390bd762021-12-02T11:40:52ZMummified Oligocene fruits of Schima (Theaceae) and their systematic and biogeographic implications10.1038/s41598-017-04349-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/6d185a12a5984cc88bb4fb117390bd762017-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04349-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The genus Schima includes about 20 species and is distributed only in southern China and adjacent areas of Asia. The previous molecular phylogenetic analysis suggested Schima is in the tribe Gordoniae, along with Gordonia and Franklinia. However, because few fossils have been reported, the biogeographic origin of Schima is still poorly known. In this paper mummified fossil fruits of Schima are described from the upper Oligocene Yongning Formation of the Nanning Basin, Guangxi, South China. In gross morphology, the new fossil species, Schima kwangsiensis, is similar to the extant S. superba by its pentacarpellate, loculicidally dehiscent capsules, 5 imbricate sepals, pedicels with bracteoles and marginally winged seeds. Due to its excellent preservation, the new species may provide sufficient details for understanding the early evolutionary and phytogeographic history of the genus. Morphological clustering analysis shows that the new fossil species is closely related to two extant species (S. wallichii and S. superba) in the genus, implying that they may belong to an ancient taxon that occurs earlier than the others. More importantly, this discovery represents the earliest record of this genus in Asia and it explicitly moves the fossil record back to the late Oligocene in this region.Xiang-Gang ShiQiong-Yao FuJian-Hua JinCheng QuanNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Xiang-Gang Shi Qiong-Yao Fu Jian-Hua Jin Cheng Quan Mummified Oligocene fruits of Schima (Theaceae) and their systematic and biogeographic implications
description	Abstract The genus Schima includes about 20 species and is distributed only in southern China and adjacent areas of Asia. The previous molecular phylogenetic analysis suggested Schima is in the tribe Gordoniae, along with Gordonia and Franklinia. However, because few fossils have been reported, the biogeographic origin of Schima is still poorly known. In this paper mummified fossil fruits of Schima are described from the upper Oligocene Yongning Formation of the Nanning Basin, Guangxi, South China. In gross morphology, the new fossil species, Schima kwangsiensis, is similar to the extant S. superba by its pentacarpellate, loculicidally dehiscent capsules, 5 imbricate sepals, pedicels with bracteoles and marginally winged seeds. Due to its excellent preservation, the new species may provide sufficient details for understanding the early evolutionary and phytogeographic history of the genus. Morphological clustering analysis shows that the new fossil species is closely related to two extant species (S. wallichii and S. superba) in the genus, implying that they may belong to an ancient taxon that occurs earlier than the others. More importantly, this discovery represents the earliest record of this genus in Asia and it explicitly moves the fossil record back to the late Oligocene in this region.
format	article
author	Xiang-Gang Shi Qiong-Yao Fu Jian-Hua Jin Cheng Quan
author_facet	Xiang-Gang Shi Qiong-Yao Fu Jian-Hua Jin Cheng Quan
author_sort	Xiang-Gang Shi
title	Mummified Oligocene fruits of Schima (Theaceae) and their systematic and biogeographic implications
title_short	Mummified Oligocene fruits of Schima (Theaceae) and their systematic and biogeographic implications
title_full	Mummified Oligocene fruits of Schima (Theaceae) and their systematic and biogeographic implications
title_fullStr	Mummified Oligocene fruits of Schima (Theaceae) and their systematic and biogeographic implications
title_full_unstemmed	Mummified Oligocene fruits of Schima (Theaceae) and their systematic and biogeographic implications
title_sort	mummified oligocene fruits of schima (theaceae) and their systematic and biogeographic implications
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/6d185a12a5984cc88bb4fb117390bd76
work_keys_str_mv	AT xianggangshi mummifiedoligocenefruitsofschimatheaceaeandtheirsystematicandbiogeographicimplications AT qiongyaofu mummifiedoligocenefruitsofschimatheaceaeandtheirsystematicandbiogeographicimplications AT jianhuajin mummifiedoligocenefruitsofschimatheaceaeandtheirsystematicandbiogeographicimplications AT chengquan mummifiedoligocenefruitsofschimatheaceaeandtheirsystematicandbiogeographicimplications
_version_	1718395521388773376

Mummified Oligocene fruits of Schima (Theaceae) and their systematic and biogeographic implications

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