Higher-Order Conditioning With Simultaneous and Backward Conditioned Stimulus: Implications for Models of Pavlovian Conditioning

In a new environment, humans and animals can detect and learn that cues predict meaningful outcomes, and use this information to adapt their responses. This process is termed Pavlovian conditioning. Pavlovian conditioning is also observed for stimuli that predict outcome-associated cues; a second ty...

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Autores principales:	Arthur Prével, Ruth M. Krebs
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	backward conditioning higher-order conditioning reinforcement learning reward prediction error simultaneous conditioning Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6d1d944bdef24d549ebb111eebace604
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6d1d944bdef24d549ebb111eebace6042021-11-11T10:15:44ZHigher-Order Conditioning With Simultaneous and Backward Conditioned Stimulus: Implications for Models of Pavlovian Conditioning1662-515310.3389/fnbeh.2021.749517https://doaj.org/article/6d1d944bdef24d549ebb111eebace6042021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2021.749517/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1662-5153In a new environment, humans and animals can detect and learn that cues predict meaningful outcomes, and use this information to adapt their responses. This process is termed Pavlovian conditioning. Pavlovian conditioning is also observed for stimuli that predict outcome-associated cues; a second type of conditioning is termed higher-order Pavlovian conditioning. In this review, we will focus on higher-order conditioning studies with simultaneous and backward conditioned stimuli. We will examine how the results from these experiments pose a challenge to models of Pavlovian conditioning like the Temporal Difference (TD) models, in which learning is mainly driven by reward prediction errors. Contrasting with this view, the results suggest that humans and animals can form complex representations of the (temporal) structure of the task, and use this information to guide behavior, which seems consistent with model-based reinforcement learning. Future investigations involving these procedures could result in important new insights on the mechanisms that underlie Pavlovian conditioning.Arthur PrévelRuth M. KrebsFrontiers Media S.A.articlebackward conditioninghigher-order conditioningreinforcement learningreward prediction errorsimultaneous conditioningNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol 15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	backward conditioning higher-order conditioning reinforcement learning reward prediction error simultaneous conditioning Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	backward conditioning higher-order conditioning reinforcement learning reward prediction error simultaneous conditioning Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Arthur Prével Ruth M. Krebs Higher-Order Conditioning With Simultaneous and Backward Conditioned Stimulus: Implications for Models of Pavlovian Conditioning
description	In a new environment, humans and animals can detect and learn that cues predict meaningful outcomes, and use this information to adapt their responses. This process is termed Pavlovian conditioning. Pavlovian conditioning is also observed for stimuli that predict outcome-associated cues; a second type of conditioning is termed higher-order Pavlovian conditioning. In this review, we will focus on higher-order conditioning studies with simultaneous and backward conditioned stimuli. We will examine how the results from these experiments pose a challenge to models of Pavlovian conditioning like the Temporal Difference (TD) models, in which learning is mainly driven by reward prediction errors. Contrasting with this view, the results suggest that humans and animals can form complex representations of the (temporal) structure of the task, and use this information to guide behavior, which seems consistent with model-based reinforcement learning. Future investigations involving these procedures could result in important new insights on the mechanisms that underlie Pavlovian conditioning.
format	article
author	Arthur Prével Ruth M. Krebs
author_facet	Arthur Prével Ruth M. Krebs
author_sort	Arthur Prével
title	Higher-Order Conditioning With Simultaneous and Backward Conditioned Stimulus: Implications for Models of Pavlovian Conditioning
title_short	Higher-Order Conditioning With Simultaneous and Backward Conditioned Stimulus: Implications for Models of Pavlovian Conditioning
title_full	Higher-Order Conditioning With Simultaneous and Backward Conditioned Stimulus: Implications for Models of Pavlovian Conditioning
title_fullStr	Higher-Order Conditioning With Simultaneous and Backward Conditioned Stimulus: Implications for Models of Pavlovian Conditioning
title_full_unstemmed	Higher-Order Conditioning With Simultaneous and Backward Conditioned Stimulus: Implications for Models of Pavlovian Conditioning
title_sort	higher-order conditioning with simultaneous and backward conditioned stimulus: implications for models of pavlovian conditioning
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6d1d944bdef24d549ebb111eebace604
work_keys_str_mv	AT arthurprevel higherorderconditioningwithsimultaneousandbackwardconditionedstimulusimplicationsformodelsofpavlovianconditioning AT ruthmkrebs higherorderconditioningwithsimultaneousandbackwardconditionedstimulusimplicationsformodelsofpavlovianconditioning
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Higher-Order Conditioning With Simultaneous and Backward Conditioned Stimulus: Implications for Models of Pavlovian Conditioning

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