Aerodynamics of the newly approved football for the English Premier League 2020–21 season

Abstract Footballs are typically constructed with 32 panels. Recently, the number of panels has been successively reduced to 14, 8, and 6 panels, and official balls have been adopted with complex panel shapes and aerodynamics that differ from those of 32-panel balls. The official ball for the 2020–2...

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Autores principales:	Takeshi Asai, Sungchan Hong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6d1f349bc59746e197ad7db2b3893fd8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6d1f349bc59746e197ad7db2b3893fd82021-12-02T14:49:43ZAerodynamics of the newly approved football for the English Premier League 2020–21 season10.1038/s41598-021-89162-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/6d1f349bc59746e197ad7db2b3893fd82021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89162-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Footballs are typically constructed with 32 panels. Recently, the number of panels has been successively reduced to 14, 8, and 6 panels, and official balls have been adopted with complex panel shapes and aerodynamics that differ from those of 32-panel balls. The official ball for the 2020–21 season of the English Premier League comprises just four panels with a complex panel shape and surface groove design; however, its aerodynamics have not yet been clarified. This study aims to clarify the aerodynamic characteristics (drag, side force, lift force, their deviations, and critical Reynolds number) of the new 4-panel ball (Flight 2020, Nike) in comparison to a 6-panel ball (Tsubasa 2020, Adidas) and conventional 32-panel ball (Pelada 2020, Molten) using a wind tunnel test, surface design measurement, and a simple 2D flight simulation. The results showed that Flight 2020 has greater surface roughness and smaller critical Reynolds number than Pelada 2020 and Tsubasa 2020, resulting to its marginally greater drag force in the supercritical region, and slightly smaller fluctuations of the side and lift forces. Furthermore, Flight with a symmetrical orientation exhibits a significantly higher drag coefficient in the supercritical region, suggesting its greater air resistance during flight under this condition.Takeshi AsaiSungchan HongNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Takeshi Asai Sungchan Hong Aerodynamics of the newly approved football for the English Premier League 2020–21 season
description	Abstract Footballs are typically constructed with 32 panels. Recently, the number of panels has been successively reduced to 14, 8, and 6 panels, and official balls have been adopted with complex panel shapes and aerodynamics that differ from those of 32-panel balls. The official ball for the 2020–21 season of the English Premier League comprises just four panels with a complex panel shape and surface groove design; however, its aerodynamics have not yet been clarified. This study aims to clarify the aerodynamic characteristics (drag, side force, lift force, their deviations, and critical Reynolds number) of the new 4-panel ball (Flight 2020, Nike) in comparison to a 6-panel ball (Tsubasa 2020, Adidas) and conventional 32-panel ball (Pelada 2020, Molten) using a wind tunnel test, surface design measurement, and a simple 2D flight simulation. The results showed that Flight 2020 has greater surface roughness and smaller critical Reynolds number than Pelada 2020 and Tsubasa 2020, resulting to its marginally greater drag force in the supercritical region, and slightly smaller fluctuations of the side and lift forces. Furthermore, Flight with a symmetrical orientation exhibits a significantly higher drag coefficient in the supercritical region, suggesting its greater air resistance during flight under this condition.
format	article
author	Takeshi Asai Sungchan Hong
author_facet	Takeshi Asai Sungchan Hong
author_sort	Takeshi Asai
title	Aerodynamics of the newly approved football for the English Premier League 2020–21 season
title_short	Aerodynamics of the newly approved football for the English Premier League 2020–21 season
title_full	Aerodynamics of the newly approved football for the English Premier League 2020–21 season
title_fullStr	Aerodynamics of the newly approved football for the English Premier League 2020–21 season
title_full_unstemmed	Aerodynamics of the newly approved football for the English Premier League 2020–21 season
title_sort	aerodynamics of the newly approved football for the english premier league 2020–21 season
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6d1f349bc59746e197ad7db2b3893fd8
work_keys_str_mv	AT takeshiasai aerodynamicsofthenewlyapprovedfootballfortheenglishpremierleague202021season AT sungchanhong aerodynamicsofthenewlyapprovedfootballfortheenglishpremierleague202021season
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Aerodynamics of the newly approved football for the English Premier League 2020–21 season

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