Sex and grooming as exchange commodities in female bonobos’ daily biological market

Abstract The Biological Market Theory (BMT) posits that cooperation between non-human animals can be seen as a mutually beneficial exchange of commodities similarly to what observed in human economic markets. Positive social interactions are commodities in non-human animals, and mutual exchanges ful...

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Autores principales:	Simone Anzà, Elisa Demuru, Elisabetta Palagi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6d35fd58e31d48a2ab3df66213e91a37
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6d35fd58e31d48a2ab3df66213e91a372021-12-02T17:17:39ZSex and grooming as exchange commodities in female bonobos’ daily biological market10.1038/s41598-021-98894-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/6d35fd58e31d48a2ab3df66213e91a372021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98894-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The Biological Market Theory (BMT) posits that cooperation between non-human animals can be seen as a mutually beneficial exchange of commodities similarly to what observed in human economic markets. Positive social interactions are commodities in non-human animals, and mutual exchanges fulfilling the criteria of the BMT have been shown in several species. However, the study of biological markets suffers from methodological limitations that are mainly linked to the difficulty of clearly identifying the currencies and their exchanges in the short-term. Here, we test whether bonobo females are more attractive during their maximum swelling phase, whether they exchange grooming and Genito-Genital Rubbing (GGR) on a daily level of analysis, and whether these daily exchanges fulfil the BMT criteria. Females engaged more in GGR when their sexual swelling was in the maximum phase. Moreover, they exchanged grooming and sex according to the daily “market fluctuations” associated with swelling status. Females in the minimum phase (low-value) increased their probability to engage in GGR with females in the maximum phase (high-value) by grooming them preferentially. In line with the supply/demand law, the female grooming strategy varied depending on the daily number of swollen females present: the higher the number of swollen females, the lower the individual grooming preference. As a whole, our study confirms BMT as a valid model to explain daily commodity exchanges as a function of the temporary value of traders, and underlines the importance of a day-by-day approach to unveil the presence of a biological market when the value of traders frequently changes.Simone AnzàElisa DemuruElisabetta PalagiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Simone Anzà Elisa Demuru Elisabetta Palagi Sex and grooming as exchange commodities in female bonobos’ daily biological market
description	Abstract The Biological Market Theory (BMT) posits that cooperation between non-human animals can be seen as a mutually beneficial exchange of commodities similarly to what observed in human economic markets. Positive social interactions are commodities in non-human animals, and mutual exchanges fulfilling the criteria of the BMT have been shown in several species. However, the study of biological markets suffers from methodological limitations that are mainly linked to the difficulty of clearly identifying the currencies and their exchanges in the short-term. Here, we test whether bonobo females are more attractive during their maximum swelling phase, whether they exchange grooming and Genito-Genital Rubbing (GGR) on a daily level of analysis, and whether these daily exchanges fulfil the BMT criteria. Females engaged more in GGR when their sexual swelling was in the maximum phase. Moreover, they exchanged grooming and sex according to the daily “market fluctuations” associated with swelling status. Females in the minimum phase (low-value) increased their probability to engage in GGR with females in the maximum phase (high-value) by grooming them preferentially. In line with the supply/demand law, the female grooming strategy varied depending on the daily number of swollen females present: the higher the number of swollen females, the lower the individual grooming preference. As a whole, our study confirms BMT as a valid model to explain daily commodity exchanges as a function of the temporary value of traders, and underlines the importance of a day-by-day approach to unveil the presence of a biological market when the value of traders frequently changes.
format	article
author	Simone Anzà Elisa Demuru Elisabetta Palagi
author_facet	Simone Anzà Elisa Demuru Elisabetta Palagi
author_sort	Simone Anzà
title	Sex and grooming as exchange commodities in female bonobos’ daily biological market
title_short	Sex and grooming as exchange commodities in female bonobos’ daily biological market
title_full	Sex and grooming as exchange commodities in female bonobos’ daily biological market
title_fullStr	Sex and grooming as exchange commodities in female bonobos’ daily biological market
title_full_unstemmed	Sex and grooming as exchange commodities in female bonobos’ daily biological market
title_sort	sex and grooming as exchange commodities in female bonobos’ daily biological market
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6d35fd58e31d48a2ab3df66213e91a37
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Sex and grooming as exchange commodities in female bonobos’ daily biological market

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