Morphological and functional maturity of the oral jaws covary with offspring size in Trinidadian guppies

Abstract Large size of individual offspring is routinely selected for in highly competitive environments, such as in low-predation populations of the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Large guppy offspring outcompete their smaller conspecifics, but the functional mechanisms underlying this ad...

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Auteurs principaux:	T. R. Dial, L. P. Hernandez, E. L. Brainerd
Format:	article
Langue:	EN
Publié:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Sujets:	Medicine R Science Q
Accès en ligne:	https://doaj.org/article/6d37a7a75d10457ca64a7261a42f9b75
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6d37a7a75d10457ca64a7261a42f9b752021-12-02T11:41:21ZMorphological and functional maturity of the oral jaws covary with offspring size in Trinidadian guppies10.1038/s41598-017-06414-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/6d37a7a75d10457ca64a7261a42f9b752017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06414-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Large size of individual offspring is routinely selected for in highly competitive environments, such as in low-predation populations of the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Large guppy offspring outcompete their smaller conspecifics, but the functional mechanisms underlying this advantage are unknown. We measured jaw kinematics during benthic feeding and cranial musculoskeletal morphologies in neonates and juveniles from five populations of Trinidadian guppy and found that both kinematics and morphologies vary substantially with neonatal size. Rotation at the intramandibular joint (IMJ), but not the quadratomandibular joint (QMJ), increases with size among guppy offspring, from 11.7° in the smallest neonates to 22.9° in the largest neonates. Ossification of the cranial skeleton varies from 20% in the smallest neonates to 90% in the largest. Relative to standard length (SL; jaw tip to caudal fin base distance), the surface area of jaw-closing musculature scales with positive allometry (SL2.72) indicating that muscle growth outpaces body growth. Maximum gape also scales with positive allometry (SL1.20), indicating that larger neonates are capable of greater jaw excursions. These findings indicate that size is not the sole adaptive benefit to producing larger offspring; maturation provides a potential functional mechanism underlying the competitive advantage of large offspring size among Trinidadian guppies.T. R. DialL. P. HernandezE. L. BrainerdNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q T. R. Dial L. P. Hernandez E. L. Brainerd Morphological and functional maturity of the oral jaws covary with offspring size in Trinidadian guppies
description	Abstract Large size of individual offspring is routinely selected for in highly competitive environments, such as in low-predation populations of the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Large guppy offspring outcompete their smaller conspecifics, but the functional mechanisms underlying this advantage are unknown. We measured jaw kinematics during benthic feeding and cranial musculoskeletal morphologies in neonates and juveniles from five populations of Trinidadian guppy and found that both kinematics and morphologies vary substantially with neonatal size. Rotation at the intramandibular joint (IMJ), but not the quadratomandibular joint (QMJ), increases with size among guppy offspring, from 11.7° in the smallest neonates to 22.9° in the largest neonates. Ossification of the cranial skeleton varies from 20% in the smallest neonates to 90% in the largest. Relative to standard length (SL; jaw tip to caudal fin base distance), the surface area of jaw-closing musculature scales with positive allometry (SL2.72) indicating that muscle growth outpaces body growth. Maximum gape also scales with positive allometry (SL1.20), indicating that larger neonates are capable of greater jaw excursions. These findings indicate that size is not the sole adaptive benefit to producing larger offspring; maturation provides a potential functional mechanism underlying the competitive advantage of large offspring size among Trinidadian guppies.
format	article
author	T. R. Dial L. P. Hernandez E. L. Brainerd
author_facet	T. R. Dial L. P. Hernandez E. L. Brainerd
author_sort	T. R. Dial
title	Morphological and functional maturity of the oral jaws covary with offspring size in Trinidadian guppies
title_short	Morphological and functional maturity of the oral jaws covary with offspring size in Trinidadian guppies
title_full	Morphological and functional maturity of the oral jaws covary with offspring size in Trinidadian guppies
title_fullStr	Morphological and functional maturity of the oral jaws covary with offspring size in Trinidadian guppies
title_full_unstemmed	Morphological and functional maturity of the oral jaws covary with offspring size in Trinidadian guppies
title_sort	morphological and functional maturity of the oral jaws covary with offspring size in trinidadian guppies
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/6d37a7a75d10457ca64a7261a42f9b75
work_keys_str_mv	AT trdial morphologicalandfunctionalmaturityoftheoraljawscovarywithoffspringsizeintrinidadianguppies AT lphernandez morphologicalandfunctionalmaturityoftheoraljawscovarywithoffspringsizeintrinidadianguppies AT elbrainerd morphologicalandfunctionalmaturityoftheoraljawscovarywithoffspringsizeintrinidadianguppies
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Morphological and functional maturity of the oral jaws covary with offspring size in Trinidadian guppies

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