Changes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotype families over 20 years in a population-based study in Northern Malawi.

<h4>Background</h4>Despite increasing interest in possible differences in virulence and transmissibility between different genotypes of M. tuberculosis, very little is known about how genotypes within a population change over decades, or about relationships to HIV infection.<h4>Met...

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Autores principales:	Judith R Glynn, Saad Alghamdi, Kim Mallard, Ruth McNerney, Richard Ndlovu, Lumbani Munthali, Rein M Houben, Paul E M Fine, Neil French, Amelia C Crampin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6d3b8840c4324e2ebce9a614edaaa85d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6d3b8840c4324e2ebce9a614edaaa85d2021-12-02T20:11:51ZChanges in Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotype families over 20 years in a population-based study in Northern Malawi.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0012259https://doaj.org/article/6d3b8840c4324e2ebce9a614edaaa85d2010-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20808874/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Despite increasing interest in possible differences in virulence and transmissibility between different genotypes of M. tuberculosis, very little is known about how genotypes within a population change over decades, or about relationships to HIV infection.<h4>Methods and principal findings</h4>In a population-based study in rural Malawi we have examined smears and cultures from tuberculosis patients over a 20-year period using spoligotyping. Isolates were grouped into spoligotype families and lineages following previously published criteria. Time trends, HIV status, drug resistance and outcome were examined by spoligotype family and lineage. In addition, transmissibility was examined among pairs of cases with known epidemiological contact by assessing the proportion of transmissions confirmed for each lineage, on the basis of IS6110 RFLP similarity of the M tuberculosis strains. 760 spoligotypes were obtained from smears from 518 patients from 1986-2002, and 377 spoligotypes from cultures from 347 patients from 2005-2008. There was good consistency in patients with multiple specimens. Among 781 patients with first episode tuberculosis, the majority (76%) had Lineage 4 ("European/American") strains; 9% had Lineage 3 ("East-African/Indian"); 8% Lineage 1 ("Indo-Oceanic"); and 2% Lineage 2 ("East-Asian"); others unclassifiable. Over time the proportion of Lineage 4 decreased from >90% to 60%, with an increase in the other 3 lineages (p<0.001). Lineage 1 strains were more common in those with HIV infection, even after adjusting for age, sex and year. There were no associations with drug resistance or outcome, and no differences by lineage in the proportion of pairs in which transmission was confirmed.<h4>Conclusions</h4>This is the first study to describe long term trends in the four M. tuberculosis lineages in a population. Lineage 4 has probably been longstanding in this population, with relatively recent introductions and spread of Lineages1-3, perhaps influenced by the HIV epidemic.Judith R GlynnSaad AlghamdiKim MallardRuth McNerneyRichard NdlovuLumbani MunthaliRein M HoubenPaul E M FineNeil FrenchAmelia C CrampinPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 8, p e12259 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Judith R Glynn Saad Alghamdi Kim Mallard Ruth McNerney Richard Ndlovu Lumbani Munthali Rein M Houben Paul E M Fine Neil French Amelia C Crampin Changes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotype families over 20 years in a population-based study in Northern Malawi.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Despite increasing interest in possible differences in virulence and transmissibility between different genotypes of M. tuberculosis, very little is known about how genotypes within a population change over decades, or about relationships to HIV infection.<h4>Methods and principal findings</h4>In a population-based study in rural Malawi we have examined smears and cultures from tuberculosis patients over a 20-year period using spoligotyping. Isolates were grouped into spoligotype families and lineages following previously published criteria. Time trends, HIV status, drug resistance and outcome were examined by spoligotype family and lineage. In addition, transmissibility was examined among pairs of cases with known epidemiological contact by assessing the proportion of transmissions confirmed for each lineage, on the basis of IS6110 RFLP similarity of the M tuberculosis strains. 760 spoligotypes were obtained from smears from 518 patients from 1986-2002, and 377 spoligotypes from cultures from 347 patients from 2005-2008. There was good consistency in patients with multiple specimens. Among 781 patients with first episode tuberculosis, the majority (76%) had Lineage 4 ("European/American") strains; 9% had Lineage 3 ("East-African/Indian"); 8% Lineage 1 ("Indo-Oceanic"); and 2% Lineage 2 ("East-Asian"); others unclassifiable. Over time the proportion of Lineage 4 decreased from >90% to 60%, with an increase in the other 3 lineages (p<0.001). Lineage 1 strains were more common in those with HIV infection, even after adjusting for age, sex and year. There were no associations with drug resistance or outcome, and no differences by lineage in the proportion of pairs in which transmission was confirmed.<h4>Conclusions</h4>This is the first study to describe long term trends in the four M. tuberculosis lineages in a population. Lineage 4 has probably been longstanding in this population, with relatively recent introductions and spread of Lineages1-3, perhaps influenced by the HIV epidemic.
format	article
author	Judith R Glynn Saad Alghamdi Kim Mallard Ruth McNerney Richard Ndlovu Lumbani Munthali Rein M Houben Paul E M Fine Neil French Amelia C Crampin
author_facet	Judith R Glynn Saad Alghamdi Kim Mallard Ruth McNerney Richard Ndlovu Lumbani Munthali Rein M Houben Paul E M Fine Neil French Amelia C Crampin
author_sort	Judith R Glynn
title	Changes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotype families over 20 years in a population-based study in Northern Malawi.
title_short	Changes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotype families over 20 years in a population-based study in Northern Malawi.
title_full	Changes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotype families over 20 years in a population-based study in Northern Malawi.
title_fullStr	Changes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotype families over 20 years in a population-based study in Northern Malawi.
title_full_unstemmed	Changes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotype families over 20 years in a population-based study in Northern Malawi.
title_sort	changes in mycobacterium tuberculosis genotype families over 20 years in a population-based study in northern malawi.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/6d3b8840c4324e2ebce9a614edaaa85d
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Changes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotype families over 20 years in a population-based study in Northern Malawi.

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