Psychobiological Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Current Knowledge and Clinical Implications

A large body of research has documented the long-term harms of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) on an individual’s emotional-adaptive function and mental health. Recent studies have also provided evidence of the biological impact of CSA, implicating specific alterations in many systems, including the en...

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Autores principales:	Luisa Lo Iacono, Cristina Trentini, Valeria Carola
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	childhood sexual abuse clinical psychology immune system HPA axis telomeres Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6d401f11101c441589031643c0e5cfd7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6d401f11101c441589031643c0e5cfd72021-12-02T11:44:12ZPsychobiological Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Current Knowledge and Clinical Implications1662-453X10.3389/fnins.2021.771511https://doaj.org/article/6d401f11101c441589031643c0e5cfd72021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.771511/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1662-453XA large body of research has documented the long-term harms of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) on an individual’s emotional-adaptive function and mental health. Recent studies have also provided evidence of the biological impact of CSA, implicating specific alterations in many systems, including the endocrine and immune systems, and in DNA and chromatin, in the pathogenesis of medical disorders. Although the effects of CSA are often examined with regard to the general impact of early-life traumatic experiences, the study of CSA per sè, as a trigger of specific pathogenic pathways, would be more appropriate to understand their long-term implications and develop tailored diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Based on these premises, this narrative minireview summarizes the research on the short-term and long-term sequelae of CSA, focusing on dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the effects on the immune system, and the changes to DNA through altered methylation. Also, we discuss the literature that examines dysfunctional DNA telomere erosion and oxidative stress markers as a sign of CSA. Finally, recent evidence of the intergenerational transmission of the effects of CSA is reported. The impact of CSA on brain connectivity and functions is out of the scope of this review, thus brain imaging studies are not included. The results of this minireview are discussed, considering their implications for prevention and clinical practice.Luisa Lo IaconoLuisa Lo IaconoCristina TrentiniValeria CarolaValeria CarolaFrontiers Media S.A.articlechildhood sexual abuseclinical psychologyimmune systemHPA axistelomeresNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Neuroscience, Vol 15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	childhood sexual abuse clinical psychology immune system HPA axis telomeres Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	childhood sexual abuse clinical psychology immune system HPA axis telomeres Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Luisa Lo Iacono Luisa Lo Iacono Cristina Trentini Valeria Carola Valeria Carola Psychobiological Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Current Knowledge and Clinical Implications
description	A large body of research has documented the long-term harms of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) on an individual’s emotional-adaptive function and mental health. Recent studies have also provided evidence of the biological impact of CSA, implicating specific alterations in many systems, including the endocrine and immune systems, and in DNA and chromatin, in the pathogenesis of medical disorders. Although the effects of CSA are often examined with regard to the general impact of early-life traumatic experiences, the study of CSA per sè, as a trigger of specific pathogenic pathways, would be more appropriate to understand their long-term implications and develop tailored diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Based on these premises, this narrative minireview summarizes the research on the short-term and long-term sequelae of CSA, focusing on dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the effects on the immune system, and the changes to DNA through altered methylation. Also, we discuss the literature that examines dysfunctional DNA telomere erosion and oxidative stress markers as a sign of CSA. Finally, recent evidence of the intergenerational transmission of the effects of CSA is reported. The impact of CSA on brain connectivity and functions is out of the scope of this review, thus brain imaging studies are not included. The results of this minireview are discussed, considering their implications for prevention and clinical practice.
format	article
author	Luisa Lo Iacono Luisa Lo Iacono Cristina Trentini Valeria Carola Valeria Carola
author_facet	Luisa Lo Iacono Luisa Lo Iacono Cristina Trentini Valeria Carola Valeria Carola
author_sort	Luisa Lo Iacono
title	Psychobiological Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Current Knowledge and Clinical Implications
title_short	Psychobiological Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Current Knowledge and Clinical Implications
title_full	Psychobiological Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Current Knowledge and Clinical Implications
title_fullStr	Psychobiological Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Current Knowledge and Clinical Implications
title_full_unstemmed	Psychobiological Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Current Knowledge and Clinical Implications
title_sort	psychobiological consequences of childhood sexual abuse: current knowledge and clinical implications
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6d401f11101c441589031643c0e5cfd7
work_keys_str_mv	AT luisaloiacono psychobiologicalconsequencesofchildhoodsexualabusecurrentknowledgeandclinicalimplications AT luisaloiacono psychobiologicalconsequencesofchildhoodsexualabusecurrentknowledgeandclinicalimplications AT cristinatrentini psychobiologicalconsequencesofchildhoodsexualabusecurrentknowledgeandclinicalimplications AT valeriacarola psychobiologicalconsequencesofchildhoodsexualabusecurrentknowledgeandclinicalimplications AT valeriacarola psychobiologicalconsequencesofchildhoodsexualabusecurrentknowledgeandclinicalimplications
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Psychobiological Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Current Knowledge and Clinical Implications

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