Catalyzed Synthesis of Zinc Clays by Prebiotic Central Metabolites

Abstract How primordial metabolic networks such as the reverse tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle and clay mineral catalysts coevolved remains a mystery in the puzzle to understand the origin of life. While prebiotic reactions from the rTCA cycle were accomplished via photochemistry on semiconductor mi...

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Autores principales:	Ruixin Zhou, Kaustuv Basu, Hyman Hartman, Christopher J. Matocha, S. Kelly Sears, Hojatollah Vali, Marcelo I. Guzman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6d44f84b3a3543a092e0de2aadc90d68
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6d44f84b3a3543a092e0de2aadc90d682021-12-02T11:41:10ZCatalyzed Synthesis of Zinc Clays by Prebiotic Central Metabolites10.1038/s41598-017-00558-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/6d44f84b3a3543a092e0de2aadc90d682017-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00558-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract How primordial metabolic networks such as the reverse tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle and clay mineral catalysts coevolved remains a mystery in the puzzle to understand the origin of life. While prebiotic reactions from the rTCA cycle were accomplished via photochemistry on semiconductor minerals, the synthesis of clays was demonstrated at low temperature and ambient pressure catalyzed by oxalate. Herein, the crystallization of clay minerals is catalyzed by succinate, an example of a photoproduced intermediate from central metabolism. The experiments connect the synthesis of sauconite, a model for clay minerals, to prebiotic photochemistry. We report the temperature, pH, and concentration dependence on succinate for the synthesis of sauconite identifying new mechanisms of clay formation in surface environments of rocky planets. The work demonstrates that seeding induces nucleation at low temperatures accelerating the crystallization process. Cryogenic and conventional transmission electron microscopies, X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and measurements of total surface area are used to build a three-dimensional representation of the clay. These results suggest the coevolution of clay minerals and early metabolites in our planet could have been facilitated by sunlight photochemistry, which played a significant role in the complex interplay between rocks and life over geological time.Ruixin ZhouKaustuv BasuHyman HartmanChristopher J. MatochaS. Kelly SearsHojatollah ValiMarcelo I. GuzmanNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ruixin Zhou Kaustuv Basu Hyman Hartman Christopher J. Matocha S. Kelly Sears Hojatollah Vali Marcelo I. Guzman Catalyzed Synthesis of Zinc Clays by Prebiotic Central Metabolites
description	Abstract How primordial metabolic networks such as the reverse tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle and clay mineral catalysts coevolved remains a mystery in the puzzle to understand the origin of life. While prebiotic reactions from the rTCA cycle were accomplished via photochemistry on semiconductor minerals, the synthesis of clays was demonstrated at low temperature and ambient pressure catalyzed by oxalate. Herein, the crystallization of clay minerals is catalyzed by succinate, an example of a photoproduced intermediate from central metabolism. The experiments connect the synthesis of sauconite, a model for clay minerals, to prebiotic photochemistry. We report the temperature, pH, and concentration dependence on succinate for the synthesis of sauconite identifying new mechanisms of clay formation in surface environments of rocky planets. The work demonstrates that seeding induces nucleation at low temperatures accelerating the crystallization process. Cryogenic and conventional transmission electron microscopies, X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and measurements of total surface area are used to build a three-dimensional representation of the clay. These results suggest the coevolution of clay minerals and early metabolites in our planet could have been facilitated by sunlight photochemistry, which played a significant role in the complex interplay between rocks and life over geological time.
format	article
author	Ruixin Zhou Kaustuv Basu Hyman Hartman Christopher J. Matocha S. Kelly Sears Hojatollah Vali Marcelo I. Guzman
author_facet	Ruixin Zhou Kaustuv Basu Hyman Hartman Christopher J. Matocha S. Kelly Sears Hojatollah Vali Marcelo I. Guzman
author_sort	Ruixin Zhou
title	Catalyzed Synthesis of Zinc Clays by Prebiotic Central Metabolites
title_short	Catalyzed Synthesis of Zinc Clays by Prebiotic Central Metabolites
title_full	Catalyzed Synthesis of Zinc Clays by Prebiotic Central Metabolites
title_fullStr	Catalyzed Synthesis of Zinc Clays by Prebiotic Central Metabolites
title_full_unstemmed	Catalyzed Synthesis of Zinc Clays by Prebiotic Central Metabolites
title_sort	catalyzed synthesis of zinc clays by prebiotic central metabolites
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/6d44f84b3a3543a092e0de2aadc90d68
work_keys_str_mv	AT ruixinzhou catalyzedsynthesisofzincclaysbyprebioticcentralmetabolites AT kaustuvbasu catalyzedsynthesisofzincclaysbyprebioticcentralmetabolites AT hymanhartman catalyzedsynthesisofzincclaysbyprebioticcentralmetabolites AT christopherjmatocha catalyzedsynthesisofzincclaysbyprebioticcentralmetabolites AT skellysears catalyzedsynthesisofzincclaysbyprebioticcentralmetabolites AT hojatollahvali catalyzedsynthesisofzincclaysbyprebioticcentralmetabolites AT marceloiguzman catalyzedsynthesisofzincclaysbyprebioticcentralmetabolites
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Catalyzed Synthesis of Zinc Clays by Prebiotic Central Metabolites

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