Magnetic resonance imaging provides evidence of glymphatic drainage from human brain to cervical lymph nodes

Abstract Pre-clinical research in rodents provides evidence that the central nervous system (CNS) has functional lymphatic vessels. In-vivo observations in humans, however, are not demonstrated. We here show data on CNS lymphatic drainage to cervical lymph nodes in-vivo by magnetic resonance imaging...

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Autores principales:	Per Kristian Eide, Svein Are Sirirud Vatnehol, Kyrre Eeg Emblem, Geir Ringstad
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6d6cfe23ba804f7d8f4a95cbb7395970
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6d6cfe23ba804f7d8f4a95cbb73959702021-12-02T15:08:44ZMagnetic resonance imaging provides evidence of glymphatic drainage from human brain to cervical lymph nodes10.1038/s41598-018-25666-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/6d6cfe23ba804f7d8f4a95cbb73959702018-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25666-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Pre-clinical research in rodents provides evidence that the central nervous system (CNS) has functional lymphatic vessels. In-vivo observations in humans, however, are not demonstrated. We here show data on CNS lymphatic drainage to cervical lymph nodes in-vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhanced with an intrathecal contrast agent as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tracer. Standardized MRI of the intracranial compartment and the neck were acquired before and up to 24–48 hours following intrathecal contrast agent administration in 19 individuals. Contrast enhancement was radiologically confirmed by signal changes in CSF nearby inferior frontal gyrus, brain parenchyma of inferior frontal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus and pons, and parenchyma of cervical lymph node, and with sagittal sinus and neck muscle serving as reference tissue for cranial and neck MRI acquisitions, respectively. Time series of changes in signal intensity shows that contrast enhancement within CSF precedes glymphatic enhancement and peaks at 4–6 hours following intrathecal injection. Cervical lymph node enhancement coincides in time with peak glymphatic enhancement, with peak after 24 hours. Our findings provide in-vivo evidence of CSF tracer drainage to cervical lymph nodes in humans. The time course of lymph node enhancement coincided with brain glymphatic enhancement rather than with CSF enhancement.Per Kristian EideSvein Are Sirirud VatneholKyrre Eeg EmblemGeir RingstadNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Per Kristian Eide Svein Are Sirirud Vatnehol Kyrre Eeg Emblem Geir Ringstad Magnetic resonance imaging provides evidence of glymphatic drainage from human brain to cervical lymph nodes
description	Abstract Pre-clinical research in rodents provides evidence that the central nervous system (CNS) has functional lymphatic vessels. In-vivo observations in humans, however, are not demonstrated. We here show data on CNS lymphatic drainage to cervical lymph nodes in-vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhanced with an intrathecal contrast agent as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tracer. Standardized MRI of the intracranial compartment and the neck were acquired before and up to 24–48 hours following intrathecal contrast agent administration in 19 individuals. Contrast enhancement was radiologically confirmed by signal changes in CSF nearby inferior frontal gyrus, brain parenchyma of inferior frontal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus and pons, and parenchyma of cervical lymph node, and with sagittal sinus and neck muscle serving as reference tissue for cranial and neck MRI acquisitions, respectively. Time series of changes in signal intensity shows that contrast enhancement within CSF precedes glymphatic enhancement and peaks at 4–6 hours following intrathecal injection. Cervical lymph node enhancement coincides in time with peak glymphatic enhancement, with peak after 24 hours. Our findings provide in-vivo evidence of CSF tracer drainage to cervical lymph nodes in humans. The time course of lymph node enhancement coincided with brain glymphatic enhancement rather than with CSF enhancement.
format	article
author	Per Kristian Eide Svein Are Sirirud Vatnehol Kyrre Eeg Emblem Geir Ringstad
author_facet	Per Kristian Eide Svein Are Sirirud Vatnehol Kyrre Eeg Emblem Geir Ringstad
author_sort	Per Kristian Eide
title	Magnetic resonance imaging provides evidence of glymphatic drainage from human brain to cervical lymph nodes
title_short	Magnetic resonance imaging provides evidence of glymphatic drainage from human brain to cervical lymph nodes
title_full	Magnetic resonance imaging provides evidence of glymphatic drainage from human brain to cervical lymph nodes
title_fullStr	Magnetic resonance imaging provides evidence of glymphatic drainage from human brain to cervical lymph nodes
title_full_unstemmed	Magnetic resonance imaging provides evidence of glymphatic drainage from human brain to cervical lymph nodes
title_sort	magnetic resonance imaging provides evidence of glymphatic drainage from human brain to cervical lymph nodes
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/6d6cfe23ba804f7d8f4a95cbb7395970
work_keys_str_mv	AT perkristianeide magneticresonanceimagingprovidesevidenceofglymphaticdrainagefromhumanbraintocervicallymphnodes AT sveinaresirirudvatnehol magneticresonanceimagingprovidesevidenceofglymphaticdrainagefromhumanbraintocervicallymphnodes AT kyrreeegemblem magneticresonanceimagingprovidesevidenceofglymphaticdrainagefromhumanbraintocervicallymphnodes AT geirringstad magneticresonanceimagingprovidesevidenceofglymphaticdrainagefromhumanbraintocervicallymphnodes
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Magnetic resonance imaging provides evidence of glymphatic drainage from human brain to cervical lymph nodes

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