Original Approach to Synthesize TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO Hybrid Nanosponges Used as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Applications
In the present work, TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO hybrid nanosponges have been synthesized for the first time. First, TiO<sub>2</sub> nanosponges were obtained by anodization under hydrodynamic conditions in a glycerol/water/NH<sub>4</sub>F electrolyte. Next, in order to a...
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oai:doaj.org-article:6db6a30213654987a4cd55bbbb104f632021-11-11T18:01:02ZOriginal Approach to Synthesize TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO Hybrid Nanosponges Used as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Applications10.3390/ma142164411996-1944https://doaj.org/article/6db6a30213654987a4cd55bbbb104f632021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6441https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944In the present work, TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO hybrid nanosponges have been synthesized for the first time. First, TiO<sub>2</sub> nanosponges were obtained by anodization under hydrodynamic conditions in a glycerol/water/NH<sub>4</sub>F electrolyte. Next, in order to achieve the anatase phase of TiO<sub>2</sub> and improve its photocatalytic behaviour, the samples were annealed at 450 °C for 1 h. Once the TiO<sub>2</sub> nanosponges were synthesized, TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO hybrid nanosponges were obtained by electrodeposition of ZnO on TiO<sub>2</sub> nanosponges using different temperatures, times, and concentrations of zinc nitrate (Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>). TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO hybrid nanosponges were used as photoanodes in photoelectrochemical water splitting tests. The results indicate that the photoelectrochemical response improves, in the studied range, by increasing the temperature and the Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> concentration during the electrodeposition process, obtaining an increase in the photoelectrochemical response of 141% for the TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO hybrid nanosponges electrodeposited at 75 °C with 10 mM Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> for 15 min. Furthermore, morphological, chemical, and structural characterization was performed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman Confocal Laser Spectroscopy, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction (GIXRD).Pedro José Navarro-GázquezMaria José Muñoz-PorteroEncarna Blasco-TamaritRita Sánchez-TovarRamon Manuel Fernández-DomeneJose García-AntónMDPI AGarticlehybrid nanostructuresnanospongetitanium dioxidezinc oxidephotoelectrochemical water splittingTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6441, p 6441 (2021) |
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DOAJ |
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EN |
| topic |
hybrid nanostructures nanosponge titanium dioxide zinc oxide photoelectrochemical water splitting Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 |
| spellingShingle |
hybrid nanostructures nanosponge titanium dioxide zinc oxide photoelectrochemical water splitting Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Pedro José Navarro-Gázquez Maria José Muñoz-Portero Encarna Blasco-Tamarit Rita Sánchez-Tovar Ramon Manuel Fernández-Domene Jose García-Antón Original Approach to Synthesize TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO Hybrid Nanosponges Used as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Applications |
| description |
In the present work, TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO hybrid nanosponges have been synthesized for the first time. First, TiO<sub>2</sub> nanosponges were obtained by anodization under hydrodynamic conditions in a glycerol/water/NH<sub>4</sub>F electrolyte. Next, in order to achieve the anatase phase of TiO<sub>2</sub> and improve its photocatalytic behaviour, the samples were annealed at 450 °C for 1 h. Once the TiO<sub>2</sub> nanosponges were synthesized, TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO hybrid nanosponges were obtained by electrodeposition of ZnO on TiO<sub>2</sub> nanosponges using different temperatures, times, and concentrations of zinc nitrate (Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>). TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO hybrid nanosponges were used as photoanodes in photoelectrochemical water splitting tests. The results indicate that the photoelectrochemical response improves, in the studied range, by increasing the temperature and the Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> concentration during the electrodeposition process, obtaining an increase in the photoelectrochemical response of 141% for the TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO hybrid nanosponges electrodeposited at 75 °C with 10 mM Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> for 15 min. Furthermore, morphological, chemical, and structural characterization was performed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman Confocal Laser Spectroscopy, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction (GIXRD). |
| format |
article |
| author |
Pedro José Navarro-Gázquez Maria José Muñoz-Portero Encarna Blasco-Tamarit Rita Sánchez-Tovar Ramon Manuel Fernández-Domene Jose García-Antón |
| author_facet |
Pedro José Navarro-Gázquez Maria José Muñoz-Portero Encarna Blasco-Tamarit Rita Sánchez-Tovar Ramon Manuel Fernández-Domene Jose García-Antón |
| author_sort |
Pedro José Navarro-Gázquez |
| title |
Original Approach to Synthesize TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO Hybrid Nanosponges Used as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Applications |
| title_short |
Original Approach to Synthesize TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO Hybrid Nanosponges Used as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Applications |
| title_full |
Original Approach to Synthesize TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO Hybrid Nanosponges Used as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Applications |
| title_fullStr |
Original Approach to Synthesize TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO Hybrid Nanosponges Used as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Original Approach to Synthesize TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO Hybrid Nanosponges Used as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Applications |
| title_sort |
original approach to synthesize tio<sub>2</sub>/zno hybrid nanosponges used as photoanodes for photoelectrochemical applications |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/6db6a30213654987a4cd55bbbb104f63 |
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