Chaos of Wolbachia sequences inside the compact fig syconia of Ficus benjamina (Ficus: moraceae).

Figs and fig wasps form a peculiar closed community in which the Ficus tree provides a compact syconium (inflorescence) habitat for the lives of a complex assemblage of Chalcidoid insects. These diverse fig wasp species have intimate ecological relationships within the closed world of the fig syconi...

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Autores principales:	Chun-Yan Yang, Jin-Hua Xiao, Li-Ming Niu, Guang-Chang Ma, James M Cook, Sheng-Nan Bian, Yue-Guan Fu, Da-Wei Huang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6dd9498e4aa4477ebf80819268a6778b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6dd9498e4aa4477ebf80819268a6778b2021-11-18T08:09:24ZChaos of Wolbachia sequences inside the compact fig syconia of Ficus benjamina (Ficus: moraceae).1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0048882https://doaj.org/article/6dd9498e4aa4477ebf80819268a6778b2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23145008/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Figs and fig wasps form a peculiar closed community in which the Ficus tree provides a compact syconium (inflorescence) habitat for the lives of a complex assemblage of Chalcidoid insects. These diverse fig wasp species have intimate ecological relationships within the closed world of the fig syconia. Previous surveys of Wolbachia, maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria that infect vast numbers of arthropod hosts, showed that fig wasps have some of the highest known incidences of Wolbachia amongst all insects. We ask whether the evolutionary patterns of Wolbachia sequences in this closed syconium community are different from those in the outside world. In the present study, we sampled all 17 fig wasp species living on Ficus benjamina, covering 4 families, 6 subfamilies, and 8 genera of wasps. We made a thorough survey of Wolbachia infection patterns and studied evolutionary patterns in wsp (Wolbachia Surface Protein) sequences. We find evidence for high infection incidences, frequent recombination between Wolbachia strains, and considerable horizontal transfer, suggesting rapid evolution of Wolbachia sequences within the syconium community. Though the fig wasps have relatively limited contact with outside world, Wolbachia may be introduced to the syconium community via horizontal transmission by fig wasps species that have winged males and visit the syconia earlier.Chun-Yan YangJin-Hua XiaoLi-Ming NiuGuang-Chang MaJames M CookSheng-Nan BianYue-Guan FuDa-Wei HuangPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 11, p e48882 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Chun-Yan Yang Jin-Hua Xiao Li-Ming Niu Guang-Chang Ma James M Cook Sheng-Nan Bian Yue-Guan Fu Da-Wei Huang Chaos of Wolbachia sequences inside the compact fig syconia of Ficus benjamina (Ficus: moraceae).
description	Figs and fig wasps form a peculiar closed community in which the Ficus tree provides a compact syconium (inflorescence) habitat for the lives of a complex assemblage of Chalcidoid insects. These diverse fig wasp species have intimate ecological relationships within the closed world of the fig syconia. Previous surveys of Wolbachia, maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria that infect vast numbers of arthropod hosts, showed that fig wasps have some of the highest known incidences of Wolbachia amongst all insects. We ask whether the evolutionary patterns of Wolbachia sequences in this closed syconium community are different from those in the outside world. In the present study, we sampled all 17 fig wasp species living on Ficus benjamina, covering 4 families, 6 subfamilies, and 8 genera of wasps. We made a thorough survey of Wolbachia infection patterns and studied evolutionary patterns in wsp (Wolbachia Surface Protein) sequences. We find evidence for high infection incidences, frequent recombination between Wolbachia strains, and considerable horizontal transfer, suggesting rapid evolution of Wolbachia sequences within the syconium community. Though the fig wasps have relatively limited contact with outside world, Wolbachia may be introduced to the syconium community via horizontal transmission by fig wasps species that have winged males and visit the syconia earlier.
format	article
author	Chun-Yan Yang Jin-Hua Xiao Li-Ming Niu Guang-Chang Ma James M Cook Sheng-Nan Bian Yue-Guan Fu Da-Wei Huang
author_facet	Chun-Yan Yang Jin-Hua Xiao Li-Ming Niu Guang-Chang Ma James M Cook Sheng-Nan Bian Yue-Guan Fu Da-Wei Huang
author_sort	Chun-Yan Yang
title	Chaos of Wolbachia sequences inside the compact fig syconia of Ficus benjamina (Ficus: moraceae).
title_short	Chaos of Wolbachia sequences inside the compact fig syconia of Ficus benjamina (Ficus: moraceae).
title_full	Chaos of Wolbachia sequences inside the compact fig syconia of Ficus benjamina (Ficus: moraceae).
title_fullStr	Chaos of Wolbachia sequences inside the compact fig syconia of Ficus benjamina (Ficus: moraceae).
title_full_unstemmed	Chaos of Wolbachia sequences inside the compact fig syconia of Ficus benjamina (Ficus: moraceae).
title_sort	chaos of wolbachia sequences inside the compact fig syconia of ficus benjamina (ficus: moraceae).
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/6dd9498e4aa4477ebf80819268a6778b
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Chaos of Wolbachia sequences inside the compact fig syconia of Ficus benjamina (Ficus: moraceae).

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