Analysis of the Radiation Fluxes over Complex Surfaces on the Tibetan Plateau

Analysis of long-term, ground-based observation data on the Tibetan Plateau help to enhance our understanding of land-atmosphere interactions and their influence on weather and climate in this region. In this paper, the daily, monthly, and annual averages of radiative fluxes, surface albedo, surface...

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Autores principales:	Chunxiao Wang, Yaoming Ma, Binbin Wang, Weiqiang Ma, Xuelong Chen, Cunbo Han
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Tibetan Plateau surface characteristic parameter radiation fluxes observation data land-atmosphere interaction Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6de6288f81954c909aa48bfbebf9a1ce
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6de6288f81954c909aa48bfbebf9a1ce2021-11-11T19:56:49ZAnalysis of the Radiation Fluxes over Complex Surfaces on the Tibetan Plateau10.3390/w132130842073-4441https://doaj.org/article/6de6288f81954c909aa48bfbebf9a1ce2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3084https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441Analysis of long-term, ground-based observation data on the Tibetan Plateau help to enhance our understanding of land-atmosphere interactions and their influence on weather and climate in this region. In this paper, the daily, monthly, and annual averages of radiative fluxes, surface albedo, surface temperature, and air temperature were calculated for the period of 2006 to 2019 at six research stations on the Tibetan Plateau. The surface energy balance characteristics of these six stations, which include alpine meadow, alpine desert, and alpine steppe, were then compared. The downward shortwave radiation at stations BJ, QOMS, and NAMORS was found to decrease during the study period, due to increasing cloudiness. Meanwhile, the upward shortwave radiation and surface albedo at all stations were found to have decreased overall. Downward longwave radiation, upward longwave radiation, net radiation, surface temperature, and air temperature showed increasing trends on inter-annual time scales at most stations. Downward shortwave radiation was maximum in spring at BJ, QOMS, NADORS, and NAMORS, due to the influence of the summer monsoon. Upward shortwave radiation peaked in October and November due to the greater snow cover. BJ, QOMS, NADORS, and NAMORS showed strong sensible heat fluxes in the spring while MAWORS showed strong sensible heat fluxes in the summer. The monthly and diurnal variations of surface albedo at each station were “U” shaped. The diurnal variability of downward longwave radiation at each station was small, ranging from 220 to 295 W·m<sup>−2</sup>.The diurnal variation in surface temperature at each station slightly lagged behind changes in downward shortwave radiation, and the air temperature, in turn, slightly lagged behind the surface temperature.Chunxiao WangYaoming MaBinbin WangWeiqiang MaXuelong ChenCunbo HanMDPI AGarticleTibetan Plateausurface characteristic parameterradiation fluxesobservation dataland-atmosphere interactionHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3084, p 3084 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Tibetan Plateau surface characteristic parameter radiation fluxes observation data land-atmosphere interaction Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	Tibetan Plateau surface characteristic parameter radiation fluxes observation data land-atmosphere interaction Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Chunxiao Wang Yaoming Ma Binbin Wang Weiqiang Ma Xuelong Chen Cunbo Han Analysis of the Radiation Fluxes over Complex Surfaces on the Tibetan Plateau
description	Analysis of long-term, ground-based observation data on the Tibetan Plateau help to enhance our understanding of land-atmosphere interactions and their influence on weather and climate in this region. In this paper, the daily, monthly, and annual averages of radiative fluxes, surface albedo, surface temperature, and air temperature were calculated for the period of 2006 to 2019 at six research stations on the Tibetan Plateau. The surface energy balance characteristics of these six stations, which include alpine meadow, alpine desert, and alpine steppe, were then compared. The downward shortwave radiation at stations BJ, QOMS, and NAMORS was found to decrease during the study period, due to increasing cloudiness. Meanwhile, the upward shortwave radiation and surface albedo at all stations were found to have decreased overall. Downward longwave radiation, upward longwave radiation, net radiation, surface temperature, and air temperature showed increasing trends on inter-annual time scales at most stations. Downward shortwave radiation was maximum in spring at BJ, QOMS, NADORS, and NAMORS, due to the influence of the summer monsoon. Upward shortwave radiation peaked in October and November due to the greater snow cover. BJ, QOMS, NADORS, and NAMORS showed strong sensible heat fluxes in the spring while MAWORS showed strong sensible heat fluxes in the summer. The monthly and diurnal variations of surface albedo at each station were “U” shaped. The diurnal variability of downward longwave radiation at each station was small, ranging from 220 to 295 W·m<sup>−2</sup>.The diurnal variation in surface temperature at each station slightly lagged behind changes in downward shortwave radiation, and the air temperature, in turn, slightly lagged behind the surface temperature.
format	article
author	Chunxiao Wang Yaoming Ma Binbin Wang Weiqiang Ma Xuelong Chen Cunbo Han
author_facet	Chunxiao Wang Yaoming Ma Binbin Wang Weiqiang Ma Xuelong Chen Cunbo Han
author_sort	Chunxiao Wang
title	Analysis of the Radiation Fluxes over Complex Surfaces on the Tibetan Plateau
title_short	Analysis of the Radiation Fluxes over Complex Surfaces on the Tibetan Plateau
title_full	Analysis of the Radiation Fluxes over Complex Surfaces on the Tibetan Plateau
title_fullStr	Analysis of the Radiation Fluxes over Complex Surfaces on the Tibetan Plateau
title_full_unstemmed	Analysis of the Radiation Fluxes over Complex Surfaces on the Tibetan Plateau
title_sort	analysis of the radiation fluxes over complex surfaces on the tibetan plateau
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6de6288f81954c909aa48bfbebf9a1ce
work_keys_str_mv	AT chunxiaowang analysisoftheradiationfluxesovercomplexsurfacesonthetibetanplateau AT yaomingma analysisoftheradiationfluxesovercomplexsurfacesonthetibetanplateau AT binbinwang analysisoftheradiationfluxesovercomplexsurfacesonthetibetanplateau AT weiqiangma analysisoftheradiationfluxesovercomplexsurfacesonthetibetanplateau AT xuelongchen analysisoftheradiationfluxesovercomplexsurfacesonthetibetanplateau AT cunbohan analysisoftheradiationfluxesovercomplexsurfacesonthetibetanplateau
_version_	1718431355600109568

Analysis of the Radiation Fluxes over Complex Surfaces on the Tibetan Plateau

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