Nitrogen Source Preference and Growth Carbon Costs of <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> (Lam.) de Wit Saplings in South African Grassland Soils

<i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> (Fabaceae) is native to Central America and has invaded many climatic regions of the tropics. In South Africa, the species is categorized as an emerging or incipient weed used as fodder, timber, firewood and in erosion control on degraded habitats. The specie...

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Autores principales:	Nonkululeko Sithole, Zivanai Tsvuura, Kevin Kirkman, Anathi Magadlela
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	emerging invasive KZN soils <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> N fixation N and P deficiencies Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6e0265d7256e43a4bbcb1591e1d5b509
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6e0265d7256e43a4bbcb1591e1d5b5092021-11-25T18:44:06ZNitrogen Source Preference and Growth Carbon Costs of <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> (Lam.) de Wit Saplings in South African Grassland Soils10.3390/plants101122422223-7747https://doaj.org/article/6e0265d7256e43a4bbcb1591e1d5b5092021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2242https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747<i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> (Fabaceae) is native to Central America and has invaded many climatic regions of the tropics. In South Africa, the species is categorized as an emerging or incipient weed used as fodder, timber, firewood and in erosion control on degraded habitats. The species is common along the eastern subtropical regions of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Province, where it invades grasslands, savannas and edges of forests. Soils of these ecosystems are characterized as nutrient deficient and acidic. Using a pot trial, we determined the effects of the nutrient addition treatments on microbial symbiosis, N nutrition and biomass accumulation of <i>L. leucocephala</i> under greenhouse conditions. After 180 days of growth, plants were harvested, and their utilization of N derived from the atmosphere and from the soil was quantified through determination of <i>δ<sup>15</sup></i>N values. <i>L. leucocephala</i> maintained growth and N nutrition by relying on both atmospheric- and soil-derived N across all soil treatments. The NDFA was significantly higher in high P (N1 + P, N2 + P and N3 + P) soils. <i>L. leucocephala</i> was able to nodulate with intermediate and fast-growing strains from the <i>Mesorhizobium</i> and <i>Rhizobium</i> genus in N2 + P grown plants. This shows that <i>L. leucocephala</i> possesses traits that are successful in acquiring nutrients, especially in nutrient limited conditions, by establishing plant symbiosis with multiple bacteria and relying on extracting N from the soil and from the atmosphere through the symbiosis.Nonkululeko SitholeZivanai TsvuuraKevin KirkmanAnathi MagadlelaMDPI AGarticleemerging invasiveKZN soils<i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>N fixationN and P deficienciesBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2242, p 2242 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	emerging invasive KZN soils <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> N fixation N and P deficiencies Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	emerging invasive KZN soils <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> N fixation N and P deficiencies Botany QK1-989 Nonkululeko Sithole Zivanai Tsvuura Kevin Kirkman Anathi Magadlela Nitrogen Source Preference and Growth Carbon Costs of <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> (Lam.) de Wit Saplings in South African Grassland Soils
description	<i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> (Fabaceae) is native to Central America and has invaded many climatic regions of the tropics. In South Africa, the species is categorized as an emerging or incipient weed used as fodder, timber, firewood and in erosion control on degraded habitats. The species is common along the eastern subtropical regions of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Province, where it invades grasslands, savannas and edges of forests. Soils of these ecosystems are characterized as nutrient deficient and acidic. Using a pot trial, we determined the effects of the nutrient addition treatments on microbial symbiosis, N nutrition and biomass accumulation of <i>L. leucocephala</i> under greenhouse conditions. After 180 days of growth, plants were harvested, and their utilization of N derived from the atmosphere and from the soil was quantified through determination of <i>δ<sup>15</sup></i>N values. <i>L. leucocephala</i> maintained growth and N nutrition by relying on both atmospheric- and soil-derived N across all soil treatments. The NDFA was significantly higher in high P (N1 + P, N2 + P and N3 + P) soils. <i>L. leucocephala</i> was able to nodulate with intermediate and fast-growing strains from the <i>Mesorhizobium</i> and <i>Rhizobium</i> genus in N2 + P grown plants. This shows that <i>L. leucocephala</i> possesses traits that are successful in acquiring nutrients, especially in nutrient limited conditions, by establishing plant symbiosis with multiple bacteria and relying on extracting N from the soil and from the atmosphere through the symbiosis.
format	article
author	Nonkululeko Sithole Zivanai Tsvuura Kevin Kirkman Anathi Magadlela
author_facet	Nonkululeko Sithole Zivanai Tsvuura Kevin Kirkman Anathi Magadlela
author_sort	Nonkululeko Sithole
title	Nitrogen Source Preference and Growth Carbon Costs of <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> (Lam.) de Wit Saplings in South African Grassland Soils
title_short	Nitrogen Source Preference and Growth Carbon Costs of <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> (Lam.) de Wit Saplings in South African Grassland Soils
title_full	Nitrogen Source Preference and Growth Carbon Costs of <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> (Lam.) de Wit Saplings in South African Grassland Soils
title_fullStr	Nitrogen Source Preference and Growth Carbon Costs of <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> (Lam.) de Wit Saplings in South African Grassland Soils
title_full_unstemmed	Nitrogen Source Preference and Growth Carbon Costs of <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> (Lam.) de Wit Saplings in South African Grassland Soils
title_sort	nitrogen source preference and growth carbon costs of <i>leucaena leucocephala</i> (lam.) de wit saplings in south african grassland soils
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6e0265d7256e43a4bbcb1591e1d5b509
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Nitrogen Source Preference and Growth Carbon Costs of <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> (Lam.) de Wit Saplings in South African Grassland Soils

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