Self-Representations of Military Veterans Suffering From Chronic Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: The Role of Sport

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric illness that is very prevalent in both civilian and military environments. The clinical course, regardless of management, is chronic for a number of patients, especially veterans. Persistent PTSD symptoms interact with representation...

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Autores principales:	Celia Belrose, Anais Duffaud, Dominique Levy, Aida Beji, Sandrine Jacob, Gregory Lorion, Charles Martin-Krumm, Marion Trousselard
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	post-traumatic stress disorder veterans body representation person representation sport mind-body connection Psychiatry RC435-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6e0c9a06e8aa46a1b9197c5a172084b3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6e0c9a06e8aa46a1b9197c5a172084b32021-11-05T13:06:16ZSelf-Representations of Military Veterans Suffering From Chronic Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: The Role of Sport1664-064010.3389/fpsyt.2021.766515https://doaj.org/article/6e0c9a06e8aa46a1b9197c5a172084b32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.766515/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-0640Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric illness that is very prevalent in both civilian and military environments. The clinical course, regardless of management, is chronic for a number of patients, especially veterans. Persistent PTSD symptoms interact with representations of the person and their body, and may negatively impact rehabilitation. Sport is known to help psychiatric patients such as those suffering from PTSD, as it improves the connection with the body, and supports physiological and emotional regulation. However, the impact of sport on self-representations has not yet been studied. The first aim of this study is to explore person and body representations in a population of military veterans suffering from chronic PTSD, as a function of clinical severity. Second, it aims to explore how a 9-day sport program, which includes an element of socio-professional rehabilitation, changes representations of the person and their body.Methods: This exploratory qualitative study examined the self-representation of veterans with chronic PTSD before a sport rehabilitation program. Veterans were given the prompts “body” and “person” and asked to free associate. PTSD severity and the mind–body connection were assessed using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5, and the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, respectively. Parasympathetic activity was recorded at rest. A subgroup of the population volunteered to participate in a post-program session to record the same semantic, psychological, and physiological variables.Results: Although before the program, veterans gave more negatively than positively valenced words, no relation was observed between the overall number of negative words and PTSD severity. Post-program, changes were observed in terms of valence. Specifically, some negatively-valenced categories of words disappeared, and some positive categories appeared. At the same time, there was a fall in PTSD severity, an increase in the mind–body connection, and a decrease in parasympathetic activation.Conclusions: This study highlighted that veterans with chronic PTSD have a negative representation of the self. A dedicated, 9-day program that included regular sport improved self-representations related to both the person and their body, and reduced PTSD symptoms. The findings underline the importance of ensuring that programs for patients suffering from chronic PTSD should include sporting activity, and highlight the benefits. Sport appears to be a path to the reappropriation of a positive image of the self, by improving the representation of the body. This relationship could be consistent with improved interoception, but our results need further investigation.Celia BelroseCelia BelroseAnais DuffaudAnais DuffaudDominique LevyAida BejiSandrine JacobGregory LorionCharles Martin-KrummCharles Martin-KrummMarion TrousselardMarion TrousselardMarion TrousselardMarion TrousselardFrontiers Media S.A.articlepost-traumatic stress disorderveteransbody representationperson representationsportmind-body connectionPsychiatryRC435-571ENFrontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	post-traumatic stress disorder veterans body representation person representation sport mind-body connection Psychiatry RC435-571
spellingShingle	post-traumatic stress disorder veterans body representation person representation sport mind-body connection Psychiatry RC435-571 Celia Belrose Celia Belrose Anais Duffaud Anais Duffaud Dominique Levy Aida Beji Sandrine Jacob Gregory Lorion Charles Martin-Krumm Charles Martin-Krumm Marion Trousselard Marion Trousselard Marion Trousselard Marion Trousselard Self-Representations of Military Veterans Suffering From Chronic Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: The Role of Sport
description	Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric illness that is very prevalent in both civilian and military environments. The clinical course, regardless of management, is chronic for a number of patients, especially veterans. Persistent PTSD symptoms interact with representations of the person and their body, and may negatively impact rehabilitation. Sport is known to help psychiatric patients such as those suffering from PTSD, as it improves the connection with the body, and supports physiological and emotional regulation. However, the impact of sport on self-representations has not yet been studied. The first aim of this study is to explore person and body representations in a population of military veterans suffering from chronic PTSD, as a function of clinical severity. Second, it aims to explore how a 9-day sport program, which includes an element of socio-professional rehabilitation, changes representations of the person and their body.Methods: This exploratory qualitative study examined the self-representation of veterans with chronic PTSD before a sport rehabilitation program. Veterans were given the prompts “body” and “person” and asked to free associate. PTSD severity and the mind–body connection were assessed using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5, and the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, respectively. Parasympathetic activity was recorded at rest. A subgroup of the population volunteered to participate in a post-program session to record the same semantic, psychological, and physiological variables.Results: Although before the program, veterans gave more negatively than positively valenced words, no relation was observed between the overall number of negative words and PTSD severity. Post-program, changes were observed in terms of valence. Specifically, some negatively-valenced categories of words disappeared, and some positive categories appeared. At the same time, there was a fall in PTSD severity, an increase in the mind–body connection, and a decrease in parasympathetic activation.Conclusions: This study highlighted that veterans with chronic PTSD have a negative representation of the self. A dedicated, 9-day program that included regular sport improved self-representations related to both the person and their body, and reduced PTSD symptoms. The findings underline the importance of ensuring that programs for patients suffering from chronic PTSD should include sporting activity, and highlight the benefits. Sport appears to be a path to the reappropriation of a positive image of the self, by improving the representation of the body. This relationship could be consistent with improved interoception, but our results need further investigation.
format	article
author	Celia Belrose Celia Belrose Anais Duffaud Anais Duffaud Dominique Levy Aida Beji Sandrine Jacob Gregory Lorion Charles Martin-Krumm Charles Martin-Krumm Marion Trousselard Marion Trousselard Marion Trousselard Marion Trousselard
author_facet	Celia Belrose Celia Belrose Anais Duffaud Anais Duffaud Dominique Levy Aida Beji Sandrine Jacob Gregory Lorion Charles Martin-Krumm Charles Martin-Krumm Marion Trousselard Marion Trousselard Marion Trousselard Marion Trousselard
author_sort	Celia Belrose
title	Self-Representations of Military Veterans Suffering From Chronic Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: The Role of Sport
title_short	Self-Representations of Military Veterans Suffering From Chronic Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: The Role of Sport
title_full	Self-Representations of Military Veterans Suffering From Chronic Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: The Role of Sport
title_fullStr	Self-Representations of Military Veterans Suffering From Chronic Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: The Role of Sport
title_full_unstemmed	Self-Representations of Military Veterans Suffering From Chronic Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: The Role of Sport
title_sort	self-representations of military veterans suffering from chronic post-traumatic stress disorder: the role of sport
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6e0c9a06e8aa46a1b9197c5a172084b3
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Self-Representations of Military Veterans Suffering From Chronic Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: The Role of Sport

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