Morphological Plasticity in a Sulfur-Oxidizing Marine Bacterium from the SUP05 Clade Enhances Dark Carbon Fixation

ABSTRACT Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from the SUP05 clade are abundant in anoxic and oxygenated marine waters that appear to lack reduced sources of sulfur for cell growth. This raises questions about how these chemosynthetic bacteria survive across oxygen and sulfur gradients and how their mode of su...

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Autores principales:	Vega Shah, Xiaowei Zhao, Rachel A. Lundeen, Anitra E. Ingalls, Daniela Nicastro, Robert M. Morris
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	OMZ SUP05 chemoautotrophy oxygen sulfur Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6e0f1facba894b419ff7e1de5e2c92b8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6e0f1facba894b419ff7e1de5e2c92b82021-11-15T15:55:24ZMorphological Plasticity in a Sulfur-Oxidizing Marine Bacterium from the SUP05 Clade Enhances Dark Carbon Fixation10.1128/mBio.00216-192150-7511https://doaj.org/article/6e0f1facba894b419ff7e1de5e2c92b82019-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00216-19https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from the SUP05 clade are abundant in anoxic and oxygenated marine waters that appear to lack reduced sources of sulfur for cell growth. This raises questions about how these chemosynthetic bacteria survive across oxygen and sulfur gradients and how their mode of survival impacts the environment. Here, we use growth experiments, proteomics, and cryo-electron tomography to show that a SUP05 isolate, “Candidatus Thioglobus autotrophicus,” is amorphous in shape and several times larger and stores considerably more intracellular sulfur when it respires oxygen. We also show that these cells can use diverse sources of reduced organic and inorganic sulfur at submicromolar concentrations. Enhanced cell size, carbon content, and metabolic activity of the aerobic phenotype are likely facilitated by a stabilizing surface-layer (S-layer) and an uncharacterized form of FtsZ-less cell division that supports morphological plasticity. The additional sulfur storage provides an energy source that allows cells to continue metabolic activity when exogenous sulfur sources are not available. This metabolic flexibility leads to the production of more organic carbon in the ocean than is estimated based solely on their anaerobic phenotype. IMPORTANCE Identifying shifts in microbial metabolism across redox gradients will improve efforts to model marine oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) ecosystems. Here, we show that aerobic morphology and metabolism increase cell size, sulfur storage capacity, and carbon fixation rates in “Ca. Thioglobus autotrophicus,” a chemosynthetic bacterium from the SUP05 clade that crosses oxic-anoxic boundaries.Vega ShahXiaowei ZhaoRachel A. LundeenAnitra E. IngallsDaniela NicastroRobert M. MorrisAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleOMZSUP05chemoautotrophyoxygensulfurMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 10, Iss 3 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	OMZ SUP05 chemoautotrophy oxygen sulfur Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	OMZ SUP05 chemoautotrophy oxygen sulfur Microbiology QR1-502 Vega Shah Xiaowei Zhao Rachel A. Lundeen Anitra E. Ingalls Daniela Nicastro Robert M. Morris Morphological Plasticity in a Sulfur-Oxidizing Marine Bacterium from the SUP05 Clade Enhances Dark Carbon Fixation
description	ABSTRACT Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from the SUP05 clade are abundant in anoxic and oxygenated marine waters that appear to lack reduced sources of sulfur for cell growth. This raises questions about how these chemosynthetic bacteria survive across oxygen and sulfur gradients and how their mode of survival impacts the environment. Here, we use growth experiments, proteomics, and cryo-electron tomography to show that a SUP05 isolate, “Candidatus Thioglobus autotrophicus,” is amorphous in shape and several times larger and stores considerably more intracellular sulfur when it respires oxygen. We also show that these cells can use diverse sources of reduced organic and inorganic sulfur at submicromolar concentrations. Enhanced cell size, carbon content, and metabolic activity of the aerobic phenotype are likely facilitated by a stabilizing surface-layer (S-layer) and an uncharacterized form of FtsZ-less cell division that supports morphological plasticity. The additional sulfur storage provides an energy source that allows cells to continue metabolic activity when exogenous sulfur sources are not available. This metabolic flexibility leads to the production of more organic carbon in the ocean than is estimated based solely on their anaerobic phenotype. IMPORTANCE Identifying shifts in microbial metabolism across redox gradients will improve efforts to model marine oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) ecosystems. Here, we show that aerobic morphology and metabolism increase cell size, sulfur storage capacity, and carbon fixation rates in “Ca. Thioglobus autotrophicus,” a chemosynthetic bacterium from the SUP05 clade that crosses oxic-anoxic boundaries.
format	article
author	Vega Shah Xiaowei Zhao Rachel A. Lundeen Anitra E. Ingalls Daniela Nicastro Robert M. Morris
author_facet	Vega Shah Xiaowei Zhao Rachel A. Lundeen Anitra E. Ingalls Daniela Nicastro Robert M. Morris
author_sort	Vega Shah
title	Morphological Plasticity in a Sulfur-Oxidizing Marine Bacterium from the SUP05 Clade Enhances Dark Carbon Fixation
title_short	Morphological Plasticity in a Sulfur-Oxidizing Marine Bacterium from the SUP05 Clade Enhances Dark Carbon Fixation
title_full	Morphological Plasticity in a Sulfur-Oxidizing Marine Bacterium from the SUP05 Clade Enhances Dark Carbon Fixation
title_fullStr	Morphological Plasticity in a Sulfur-Oxidizing Marine Bacterium from the SUP05 Clade Enhances Dark Carbon Fixation
title_full_unstemmed	Morphological Plasticity in a Sulfur-Oxidizing Marine Bacterium from the SUP05 Clade Enhances Dark Carbon Fixation
title_sort	morphological plasticity in a sulfur-oxidizing marine bacterium from the sup05 clade enhances dark carbon fixation
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/6e0f1facba894b419ff7e1de5e2c92b8
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Morphological Plasticity in a Sulfur-Oxidizing Marine Bacterium from the SUP05 Clade Enhances Dark Carbon Fixation

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