Capsules from pathogenic and non-pathogenic Cryptococcus spp. manifest significant differences in structure and ability to protect against phagocytic cells.

Capsule production is common among bacterial species, but relatively rare in eukaryotic microorganisms. Members of the fungal Cryptococcus genus are known to produce capsules, which are major determinants of virulence in the highly pathogenic species Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii....

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Autores principales:	Glauber de S Araujo, Fernanda L Fonseca, Bruno Pontes, Andre Torres, Radames J B Cordero, Rosely M Zancopé-Oliveira, Arturo Casadevall, Nathan B Viana, Leonardo Nimrichter, Marcio L Rodrigues, Eloi S Garcia, Wanderley de Souza, Susana Frases
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6e1defaef5e44778b1f374e05f9fde11
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6e1defaef5e44778b1f374e05f9fde112021-11-18T07:30:23ZCapsules from pathogenic and non-pathogenic Cryptococcus spp. manifest significant differences in structure and ability to protect against phagocytic cells.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0029561https://doaj.org/article/6e1defaef5e44778b1f374e05f9fde112012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22253734/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Capsule production is common among bacterial species, but relatively rare in eukaryotic microorganisms. Members of the fungal Cryptococcus genus are known to produce capsules, which are major determinants of virulence in the highly pathogenic species Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Although the lack of virulence of many species of the Cryptococcus genus can be explained solely by the lack of mammalian thermotolerance, it is uncertain whether the capsules from these organisms are comparable to those of the pathogenic cryptococci. In this study, we compared the characteristic of the capsule from the non-pathogenic environmental yeast Cryptococcus liquefaciens with that of C. neoformans. Microscopic observations revealed that C. liquefaciens has a capsule visible in India ink preparations that was also efficiently labeled by three antibodies generated to specific C. neoformans capsular antigens. Capsular polysaccharides of C. liquefaciens were incorporated onto the cell surface of acapsular C. neoformans mutant cells. Polysaccharide composition determinations in combination with confocal microscopy revealed that C. liquefaciens capsule consisted of mannose, xylose, glucose, glucuronic acid, galactose and N-acetylglucosamine. Physical chemical analysis of the C. liquefaciens polysaccharides in comparison with C. neoformans samples revealed significant differences in viscosity, elastic properties and macromolecular structure parameters of polysaccharide solutions such as rigidity, effective diameter, zeta potential and molecular mass, which nevertheless appeared to be characteristics of linear polysaccharides that also comprise capsular polysaccharide of C. neoformans. The environmental yeast, however, showed enhanced susceptibility to the antimicrobial activity of the environmental phagocytes, suggesting that the C. liquefaciens capsular components are insufficient in protecting yeast cells against killing by amoeba. These results suggest that capsular structures in pathogenic Cryptococcus species and environmental species share similar features, but also manifest significant difference that could influence their potential to virulence.Glauber de S AraujoFernanda L FonsecaBruno PontesAndre TorresRadames J B CorderoRosely M Zancopé-OliveiraArturo CasadevallNathan B VianaLeonardo NimrichterMarcio L RodriguesEloi S GarciaWanderley de SouzaSusana FrasesPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 1, p e29561 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Glauber de S Araujo Fernanda L Fonseca Bruno Pontes Andre Torres Radames J B Cordero Rosely M Zancopé-Oliveira Arturo Casadevall Nathan B Viana Leonardo Nimrichter Marcio L Rodrigues Eloi S Garcia Wanderley de Souza Susana Frases Capsules from pathogenic and non-pathogenic Cryptococcus spp. manifest significant differences in structure and ability to protect against phagocytic cells.
description	Capsule production is common among bacterial species, but relatively rare in eukaryotic microorganisms. Members of the fungal Cryptococcus genus are known to produce capsules, which are major determinants of virulence in the highly pathogenic species Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Although the lack of virulence of many species of the Cryptococcus genus can be explained solely by the lack of mammalian thermotolerance, it is uncertain whether the capsules from these organisms are comparable to those of the pathogenic cryptococci. In this study, we compared the characteristic of the capsule from the non-pathogenic environmental yeast Cryptococcus liquefaciens with that of C. neoformans. Microscopic observations revealed that C. liquefaciens has a capsule visible in India ink preparations that was also efficiently labeled by three antibodies generated to specific C. neoformans capsular antigens. Capsular polysaccharides of C. liquefaciens were incorporated onto the cell surface of acapsular C. neoformans mutant cells. Polysaccharide composition determinations in combination with confocal microscopy revealed that C. liquefaciens capsule consisted of mannose, xylose, glucose, glucuronic acid, galactose and N-acetylglucosamine. Physical chemical analysis of the C. liquefaciens polysaccharides in comparison with C. neoformans samples revealed significant differences in viscosity, elastic properties and macromolecular structure parameters of polysaccharide solutions such as rigidity, effective diameter, zeta potential and molecular mass, which nevertheless appeared to be characteristics of linear polysaccharides that also comprise capsular polysaccharide of C. neoformans. The environmental yeast, however, showed enhanced susceptibility to the antimicrobial activity of the environmental phagocytes, suggesting that the C. liquefaciens capsular components are insufficient in protecting yeast cells against killing by amoeba. These results suggest that capsular structures in pathogenic Cryptococcus species and environmental species share similar features, but also manifest significant difference that could influence their potential to virulence.
format	article
author	Glauber de S Araujo Fernanda L Fonseca Bruno Pontes Andre Torres Radames J B Cordero Rosely M Zancopé-Oliveira Arturo Casadevall Nathan B Viana Leonardo Nimrichter Marcio L Rodrigues Eloi S Garcia Wanderley de Souza Susana Frases
author_facet	Glauber de S Araujo Fernanda L Fonseca Bruno Pontes Andre Torres Radames J B Cordero Rosely M Zancopé-Oliveira Arturo Casadevall Nathan B Viana Leonardo Nimrichter Marcio L Rodrigues Eloi S Garcia Wanderley de Souza Susana Frases
author_sort	Glauber de S Araujo
title	Capsules from pathogenic and non-pathogenic Cryptococcus spp. manifest significant differences in structure and ability to protect against phagocytic cells.
title_short	Capsules from pathogenic and non-pathogenic Cryptococcus spp. manifest significant differences in structure and ability to protect against phagocytic cells.
title_full	Capsules from pathogenic and non-pathogenic Cryptococcus spp. manifest significant differences in structure and ability to protect against phagocytic cells.
title_fullStr	Capsules from pathogenic and non-pathogenic Cryptococcus spp. manifest significant differences in structure and ability to protect against phagocytic cells.
title_full_unstemmed	Capsules from pathogenic and non-pathogenic Cryptococcus spp. manifest significant differences in structure and ability to protect against phagocytic cells.
title_sort	capsules from pathogenic and non-pathogenic cryptococcus spp. manifest significant differences in structure and ability to protect against phagocytic cells.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/6e1defaef5e44778b1f374e05f9fde11
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Capsules from pathogenic and non-pathogenic Cryptococcus spp. manifest significant differences in structure and ability to protect against phagocytic cells.

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