Long-Term Chemical-Only Fertilization Induces a Diversity Decline and Deep Selection on the Soil Bacteria

ABSTRACT Fertilization regimes are known to drive succession of the soil microbial community, whereas the assembly rules involved remain elusive. Moreover, the ecological roles of microbial “generalists” and “specialists” in soils with contrasting fertilization regimes have not been characterized. W...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Qicheng Xu, Ning Ling, Huan Chen, Yinghua Duan, Shuang Wang, Qirong Shen, Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	deterministic processes fertilization generalist specialist stochastic processes Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6e214154ed7c4043b986ca7935b4440b
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:6e214154ed7c4043b986ca7935b4440b
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6e214154ed7c4043b986ca7935b4440b2021-12-02T19:46:20ZLong-Term Chemical-Only Fertilization Induces a Diversity Decline and Deep Selection on the Soil Bacteria10.1128/mSystems.00337-202379-5077https://doaj.org/article/6e214154ed7c4043b986ca7935b4440b2020-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00337-20https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT Fertilization regimes are known to drive succession of the soil microbial community, whereas the assembly rules involved remain elusive. Moreover, the ecological roles of microbial “generalists” and “specialists” in soils with contrasting fertilization regimes have not been characterized. We explored how long-term fertilization regimes (i.e., treatments conducted for at least 30 years) impact the soil bacteria by modifying species richness, diversity, bacterial assembly, and niche breadth. Compared with long-term organic fertilizer input, the soils having undergone chemical-only fertilization contained smaller amounts of carbon resources and had a more acidic environment. This strong environmental constraint lowered the soil bacterial reservoir and resulted in a detectable ecoevolutionary transformation, with both a higher proportion of specialists and a stronger signature of deterministic processes. Overall, this study provided a new comprehensive understanding of the assembly rules of bacterial generalists and specialists under long-term fertilization regimes. This study also highlighted that chemical-only fertilization, a ubiquitous agricultural practice of current conventional agriculture, induced a strong and similar environmental force that transformed the soil microbiota from 28°N to 46°N included in this study. IMPORTANCE Chemical-only fertilization is ubiquitous in contemporary conventional agriculture despite the fact that sustainability of this agricultural practice is increasingly being questioned because of the current observed soil degradation. We explored how long-term chemical-only versus organic-only fertilizations impacted the soil microbiota reservoir in terms of both diversity and induced assembly processes. The results showed that long-term chemical-only fertilization resulted in deep selection pressure on the soil microbial community reservoir, with both a higher proportion of specialists and a stronger signature of deterministic processes. The soil microbiota has clearly changed as a consequence of the fertilization regime. The diagnoses of the functional consequences of these ecoevolutionary changes in relation to agricultural practices are key to imagining agriculture in the time ahead and especially regarding future efforts for the conservation, restoration, and management of the soil microbiota reservoir which is key to the fertility of the ecosystem.Qicheng XuNing LingHuan ChenYinghua DuanShuang WangQirong ShenPhilippe VandenkoornhuyseAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticledeterministic processesfertilizationgeneralistspecialiststochastic processesMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 5, Iss 4 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	deterministic processes fertilization generalist specialist stochastic processes Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	deterministic processes fertilization generalist specialist stochastic processes Microbiology QR1-502 Qicheng Xu Ning Ling Huan Chen Yinghua Duan Shuang Wang Qirong Shen Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse Long-Term Chemical-Only Fertilization Induces a Diversity Decline and Deep Selection on the Soil Bacteria
description	ABSTRACT Fertilization regimes are known to drive succession of the soil microbial community, whereas the assembly rules involved remain elusive. Moreover, the ecological roles of microbial “generalists” and “specialists” in soils with contrasting fertilization regimes have not been characterized. We explored how long-term fertilization regimes (i.e., treatments conducted for at least 30 years) impact the soil bacteria by modifying species richness, diversity, bacterial assembly, and niche breadth. Compared with long-term organic fertilizer input, the soils having undergone chemical-only fertilization contained smaller amounts of carbon resources and had a more acidic environment. This strong environmental constraint lowered the soil bacterial reservoir and resulted in a detectable ecoevolutionary transformation, with both a higher proportion of specialists and a stronger signature of deterministic processes. Overall, this study provided a new comprehensive understanding of the assembly rules of bacterial generalists and specialists under long-term fertilization regimes. This study also highlighted that chemical-only fertilization, a ubiquitous agricultural practice of current conventional agriculture, induced a strong and similar environmental force that transformed the soil microbiota from 28°N to 46°N included in this study. IMPORTANCE Chemical-only fertilization is ubiquitous in contemporary conventional agriculture despite the fact that sustainability of this agricultural practice is increasingly being questioned because of the current observed soil degradation. We explored how long-term chemical-only versus organic-only fertilizations impacted the soil microbiota reservoir in terms of both diversity and induced assembly processes. The results showed that long-term chemical-only fertilization resulted in deep selection pressure on the soil microbial community reservoir, with both a higher proportion of specialists and a stronger signature of deterministic processes. The soil microbiota has clearly changed as a consequence of the fertilization regime. The diagnoses of the functional consequences of these ecoevolutionary changes in relation to agricultural practices are key to imagining agriculture in the time ahead and especially regarding future efforts for the conservation, restoration, and management of the soil microbiota reservoir which is key to the fertility of the ecosystem.
format	article
author	Qicheng Xu Ning Ling Huan Chen Yinghua Duan Shuang Wang Qirong Shen Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse
author_facet	Qicheng Xu Ning Ling Huan Chen Yinghua Duan Shuang Wang Qirong Shen Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse
author_sort	Qicheng Xu
title	Long-Term Chemical-Only Fertilization Induces a Diversity Decline and Deep Selection on the Soil Bacteria
title_short	Long-Term Chemical-Only Fertilization Induces a Diversity Decline and Deep Selection on the Soil Bacteria
title_full	Long-Term Chemical-Only Fertilization Induces a Diversity Decline and Deep Selection on the Soil Bacteria
title_fullStr	Long-Term Chemical-Only Fertilization Induces a Diversity Decline and Deep Selection on the Soil Bacteria
title_full_unstemmed	Long-Term Chemical-Only Fertilization Induces a Diversity Decline and Deep Selection on the Soil Bacteria
title_sort	long-term chemical-only fertilization induces a diversity decline and deep selection on the soil bacteria
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/6e214154ed7c4043b986ca7935b4440b
work_keys_str_mv	AT qichengxu longtermchemicalonlyfertilizationinducesadiversitydeclineanddeepselectiononthesoilbacteria AT ningling longtermchemicalonlyfertilizationinducesadiversitydeclineanddeepselectiononthesoilbacteria AT huanchen longtermchemicalonlyfertilizationinducesadiversitydeclineanddeepselectiononthesoilbacteria AT yinghuaduan longtermchemicalonlyfertilizationinducesadiversitydeclineanddeepselectiononthesoilbacteria AT shuangwang longtermchemicalonlyfertilizationinducesadiversitydeclineanddeepselectiononthesoilbacteria AT qirongshen longtermchemicalonlyfertilizationinducesadiversitydeclineanddeepselectiononthesoilbacteria AT philippevandenkoornhuyse longtermchemicalonlyfertilizationinducesadiversitydeclineanddeepselectiononthesoilbacteria
_version_	1718375966680547328

Long-Term Chemical-Only Fertilization Induces a Diversity Decline and Deep Selection on the Soil Bacteria

Ejemplares similares