Quantifying Rate- and Temperature-Dependent Molecular Damage in Elastomer Fracture

Elastomers are highly valued soft materials finding many applications in the engineering and biomedical fields for their ability to stretch reversibly to large deformations. Yet their maximum extensibility is limited by the occurrence of fracture, which is currently still poorly understood. Because...

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Autores principales:	Juliette Slootman, Victoria Waltz, C. Joshua Yeh, Christoph Baumann, Robert Göstl, Jean Comtet, Costantino Creton
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Physical Society 2020
Materias:	Physics QC1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6e63e6b4fbb64f40bb94f942ca3cc731
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6e63e6b4fbb64f40bb94f942ca3cc7312021-12-02T13:27:32ZQuantifying Rate- and Temperature-Dependent Molecular Damage in Elastomer Fracture10.1103/PhysRevX.10.0410452160-3308https://doaj.org/article/6e63e6b4fbb64f40bb94f942ca3cc7312020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.10.041045http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.10.041045https://doaj.org/toc/2160-3308Elastomers are highly valued soft materials finding many applications in the engineering and biomedical fields for their ability to stretch reversibly to large deformations. Yet their maximum extensibility is limited by the occurrence of fracture, which is currently still poorly understood. Because of a lack of experimental evidence, current physical models of elastomer fracture describe the rate and temperature dependence of the fracture energy as being solely due to viscoelastic friction, with chemical bond scission at the crack tip assumed to remain constant. Here, by coupling new fluorogenic mechanochemistry with quantitative confocal microscopy mapping, we are able to quantitatively detect, with high spatial resolution and sensitivity, the scission of covalent bonds as ordinary elastomers fracture at different strain rates and temperatures. Our measurements reveal that, in simple networks, bond scission, far from being restricted to a constant level near the crack plane, can both be delocalized over up to hundreds of micrometers and increase by a factor of 100, depending on the temperature and stretch rate. These observations, permitted by the high fluorescence and stability of the mechanophore, point to an intricate coupling between strain-rate-dependent viscous dissipation and strain-dependent irreversible network scission. These findings paint an entirely novel picture of fracture in soft materials, where energy dissipated by covalent bond scission accounts for a much larger fraction of the total fracture energy than previously believed. Our results pioneer the sensitive, quantitative, and spatially resolved detection of bond scission to assess material damage in a variety of soft materials and their applications.Juliette SlootmanVictoria WaltzC. Joshua YehChristoph BaumannRobert GöstlJean ComtetCostantino CretonAmerican Physical SocietyarticlePhysicsQC1-999ENPhysical Review X, Vol 10, Iss 4, p 041045 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Physics QC1-999
spellingShingle	Physics QC1-999 Juliette Slootman Victoria Waltz C. Joshua Yeh Christoph Baumann Robert Göstl Jean Comtet Costantino Creton Quantifying Rate- and Temperature-Dependent Molecular Damage in Elastomer Fracture
description	Elastomers are highly valued soft materials finding many applications in the engineering and biomedical fields for their ability to stretch reversibly to large deformations. Yet their maximum extensibility is limited by the occurrence of fracture, which is currently still poorly understood. Because of a lack of experimental evidence, current physical models of elastomer fracture describe the rate and temperature dependence of the fracture energy as being solely due to viscoelastic friction, with chemical bond scission at the crack tip assumed to remain constant. Here, by coupling new fluorogenic mechanochemistry with quantitative confocal microscopy mapping, we are able to quantitatively detect, with high spatial resolution and sensitivity, the scission of covalent bonds as ordinary elastomers fracture at different strain rates and temperatures. Our measurements reveal that, in simple networks, bond scission, far from being restricted to a constant level near the crack plane, can both be delocalized over up to hundreds of micrometers and increase by a factor of 100, depending on the temperature and stretch rate. These observations, permitted by the high fluorescence and stability of the mechanophore, point to an intricate coupling between strain-rate-dependent viscous dissipation and strain-dependent irreversible network scission. These findings paint an entirely novel picture of fracture in soft materials, where energy dissipated by covalent bond scission accounts for a much larger fraction of the total fracture energy than previously believed. Our results pioneer the sensitive, quantitative, and spatially resolved detection of bond scission to assess material damage in a variety of soft materials and their applications.
format	article
author	Juliette Slootman Victoria Waltz C. Joshua Yeh Christoph Baumann Robert Göstl Jean Comtet Costantino Creton
author_facet	Juliette Slootman Victoria Waltz C. Joshua Yeh Christoph Baumann Robert Göstl Jean Comtet Costantino Creton
author_sort	Juliette Slootman
title	Quantifying Rate- and Temperature-Dependent Molecular Damage in Elastomer Fracture
title_short	Quantifying Rate- and Temperature-Dependent Molecular Damage in Elastomer Fracture
title_full	Quantifying Rate- and Temperature-Dependent Molecular Damage in Elastomer Fracture
title_fullStr	Quantifying Rate- and Temperature-Dependent Molecular Damage in Elastomer Fracture
title_full_unstemmed	Quantifying Rate- and Temperature-Dependent Molecular Damage in Elastomer Fracture
title_sort	quantifying rate- and temperature-dependent molecular damage in elastomer fracture
publisher	American Physical Society
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/6e63e6b4fbb64f40bb94f942ca3cc731
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Quantifying Rate- and Temperature-Dependent Molecular Damage in Elastomer Fracture

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