Toxicity and Functional Tissue Responses of Two Freshwater Fish after Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics

Microplastics (MPs)’ ingestion has been demonstrated in several aquatic organisms. This process may facilitate the hydrophobic waterborne pollutants or chemical additives transfer to biota. In the present study the suitability of a battery of biomarkers on oxidative stress, physiology, tissue functi...

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Autores principales:	Martha Kaloyianni, Dimitra C. Bobori, Despoina Xanthopoulou, Glykeria Malioufa, Ioannis Sampsonidis, Stavros Kalogiannis, Konstantinos Feidantsis, Georgia Kastrinaki, Anastasia Dimitriadi, George Koumoundouros, Dimitra A. Lambropoulou, George Z. Kyzas, Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	polystyrene microplastics <i>Danio rerio</i> <i>Perca fluviatilis</i> gills liver Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6e6d1f6974ff4155a1d676a7cb5d2458
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6e6d1f6974ff4155a1d676a7cb5d24582021-11-25T19:08:07ZToxicity and Functional Tissue Responses of Two Freshwater Fish after Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics10.3390/toxics91102892305-6304https://doaj.org/article/6e6d1f6974ff4155a1d676a7cb5d24582021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/11/289https://doaj.org/toc/2305-6304Microplastics (MPs)’ ingestion has been demonstrated in several aquatic organisms. This process may facilitate the hydrophobic waterborne pollutants or chemical additives transfer to biota. In the present study the suitability of a battery of biomarkers on oxidative stress, physiology, tissue function and metabolic profile was investigated for the early detection of adverse effects of 21-day exposure to polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs, sized 5–12 μm) in the liver and gills of zebrafish <i>Danio rerio</i> and perch, <i>Perca fluviatilis</i>, both of which are freshwater fish species. An optical volume map representation of the zebrafish gill by Raman spectroscopy depicted 5 μm diameter PS-MP dispersed in the gill tissue. Concentrations of PS-MPs close to the EC<sub>50</sub> of each fish affected fish physiology in all tissues studied. Increased levels of biomarkers of oxidative damage in exposed fish in relation to controls were observed, as well as activation of apoptosis and autophagy processes. Malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls and DNA damage responses differed with regard to the sensitivity of each tissue of each fish. In the toxicity cascade gills seemed to be more liable to respond to PS-MPs than liver for the majority of the parameters measured. DNA damage was the most susceptible biomarker exhibiting greater response in the liver of both species. The interaction between MPs and cellular components provoked metabolic alterations in the tissues studied, affecting mainly amino acids, nitrogen and energy metabolism. Toxicity was species and tissue specific, with specific biomarkers responding differently in gills and in liver. The fish species that seemed to be more susceptible to MPs at the conditions studied, was <i>P. fluviatilis</i> compared to <i>D. rerio</i>. The current findings add to a holistic approach for the identification of small sized PS-MPs’ biological effects in fish, thus aiming to provide evidence regarding PS-MPs’ environmental impact on wild fish populations and food safety and adequacy.Martha KaloyianniDimitra C. BoboriDespoina XanthopoulouGlykeria MalioufaIoannis SampsonidisStavros KalogiannisKonstantinos FeidantsisGeorgia KastrinakiAnastasia DimitriadiGeorge KoumoundourosDimitra A. LambropoulouGeorge Z. KyzasDimitrios N. BikiarisMDPI AGarticlepolystyrenemicroplastics<i>Danio rerio</i><i>Perca fluviatilis</i>gillsliverChemical technologyTP1-1185ENToxics, Vol 9, Iss 289, p 289 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	polystyrene microplastics <i>Danio rerio</i> <i>Perca fluviatilis</i> gills liver Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	polystyrene microplastics <i>Danio rerio</i> <i>Perca fluviatilis</i> gills liver Chemical technology TP1-1185 Martha Kaloyianni Dimitra C. Bobori Despoina Xanthopoulou Glykeria Malioufa Ioannis Sampsonidis Stavros Kalogiannis Konstantinos Feidantsis Georgia Kastrinaki Anastasia Dimitriadi George Koumoundouros Dimitra A. Lambropoulou George Z. Kyzas Dimitrios N. Bikiaris Toxicity and Functional Tissue Responses of Two Freshwater Fish after Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics
description	Microplastics (MPs)’ ingestion has been demonstrated in several aquatic organisms. This process may facilitate the hydrophobic waterborne pollutants or chemical additives transfer to biota. In the present study the suitability of a battery of biomarkers on oxidative stress, physiology, tissue function and metabolic profile was investigated for the early detection of adverse effects of 21-day exposure to polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs, sized 5–12 μm) in the liver and gills of zebrafish <i>Danio rerio</i> and perch, <i>Perca fluviatilis</i>, both of which are freshwater fish species. An optical volume map representation of the zebrafish gill by Raman spectroscopy depicted 5 μm diameter PS-MP dispersed in the gill tissue. Concentrations of PS-MPs close to the EC<sub>50</sub> of each fish affected fish physiology in all tissues studied. Increased levels of biomarkers of oxidative damage in exposed fish in relation to controls were observed, as well as activation of apoptosis and autophagy processes. Malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls and DNA damage responses differed with regard to the sensitivity of each tissue of each fish. In the toxicity cascade gills seemed to be more liable to respond to PS-MPs than liver for the majority of the parameters measured. DNA damage was the most susceptible biomarker exhibiting greater response in the liver of both species. The interaction between MPs and cellular components provoked metabolic alterations in the tissues studied, affecting mainly amino acids, nitrogen and energy metabolism. Toxicity was species and tissue specific, with specific biomarkers responding differently in gills and in liver. The fish species that seemed to be more susceptible to MPs at the conditions studied, was <i>P. fluviatilis</i> compared to <i>D. rerio</i>. The current findings add to a holistic approach for the identification of small sized PS-MPs’ biological effects in fish, thus aiming to provide evidence regarding PS-MPs’ environmental impact on wild fish populations and food safety and adequacy.
format	article
author	Martha Kaloyianni Dimitra C. Bobori Despoina Xanthopoulou Glykeria Malioufa Ioannis Sampsonidis Stavros Kalogiannis Konstantinos Feidantsis Georgia Kastrinaki Anastasia Dimitriadi George Koumoundouros Dimitra A. Lambropoulou George Z. Kyzas Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
author_facet	Martha Kaloyianni Dimitra C. Bobori Despoina Xanthopoulou Glykeria Malioufa Ioannis Sampsonidis Stavros Kalogiannis Konstantinos Feidantsis Georgia Kastrinaki Anastasia Dimitriadi George Koumoundouros Dimitra A. Lambropoulou George Z. Kyzas Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
author_sort	Martha Kaloyianni
title	Toxicity and Functional Tissue Responses of Two Freshwater Fish after Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics
title_short	Toxicity and Functional Tissue Responses of Two Freshwater Fish after Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics
title_full	Toxicity and Functional Tissue Responses of Two Freshwater Fish after Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics
title_fullStr	Toxicity and Functional Tissue Responses of Two Freshwater Fish after Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics
title_full_unstemmed	Toxicity and Functional Tissue Responses of Two Freshwater Fish after Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics
title_sort	toxicity and functional tissue responses of two freshwater fish after exposure to polystyrene microplastics
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6e6d1f6974ff4155a1d676a7cb5d2458
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Toxicity and Functional Tissue Responses of Two Freshwater Fish after Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics

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