Biogenic ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized from Origanum vulgare Abrogates Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation in Opportunistic Pathogen Chromobacterium violaceum

This study presents an inexpensive, eco-friendly, and simple green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Origanum vulgare extract. These nanoparticles are non-hazardous, environmentally friendly, and cheaper than other methods of biosynthesis. Ongoing research determines the role o...

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Autores principales:	Majid Rasool Kamli, Maqsood Ahmad Malik, Vartika Srivastava, Jamal S. M. Sabir, Ehab H. Mattar, Aijaz Ahmad
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	ZnO nanoparticles biofilm quorum sensing <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i> Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6e88c70508544a50abb779d5adff249d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6e88c70508544a50abb779d5adff249d2021-11-25T18:40:18ZBiogenic ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized from <i>Origanum vulgare</i> Abrogates Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation in Opportunistic Pathogen <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i>10.3390/pharmaceutics131117431999-4923https://doaj.org/article/6e88c70508544a50abb779d5adff249d2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/11/1743https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4923This study presents an inexpensive, eco-friendly, and simple green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using <i>Origanum vulgare</i> extract. These nanoparticles are non-hazardous, environmentally friendly, and cheaper than other methods of biosynthesis. Ongoing research determines the role of phytochemicals in the fabrication and biosynthesis of ZnO NPs and their role in antibacterial activity and biomedical applications. Characterizations by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) determine the successful biosynthesis of ZnO NPs. Meanwhile, TEM and X-ray diffraction studies approximated the spherical morphology and crystalline nature of biosynthesized ZnO NPs of nano size in the range of 20–30 nm. The global increase in drug resistance necessitates the search for new drugs with different mechanisms of action. Quorum sensing (QS), a cell-to-cell communication, has gained attention as an emerging drug target. It controls numerous biochemical processes in bacteria, which are essential for their survival and pathogenicity. The potential of nanomedicines has also been tested to synthesize new antibiotics to tackle drug resistance. ZnO NPs were explored for their antibacterial, antiquorum sensing, and antibiofilm activities with a bioreporter strain of <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i>. Susceptibility testing results indicated the potential antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 µg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 16 µg/mL. Antiquorum-sensing assays revealed that these nanoparticles inhibit quorum sensing with minimum antiquorum sensing activity (MQSIC) of 1 µg/mL, without causing any bacterial growth inhibition. In addition, ZnO NPs inhibit biofilm formation at inhibitory and higher concentrations. RT-qPCR results supported the downregulation of the quorum sensing genes when <i>C. violaceum</i> was treated with ZnO NPs. The outcomes of this study are promising with regard to the biofilm and quorum sensing, emphasizing the potential applications of ZnO NPs against bacterial communication and biofilm formation.Majid Rasool KamliMaqsood Ahmad MalikVartika SrivastavaJamal S. M. SabirEhab H. MattarAijaz AhmadMDPI AGarticleZnO nanoparticlesbiofilmquorum sensing<i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i>Pharmacy and materia medicaRS1-441ENPharmaceutics, Vol 13, Iss 1743, p 1743 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ZnO nanoparticles biofilm quorum sensing <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i> Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
spellingShingle	ZnO nanoparticles biofilm quorum sensing <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i> Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 Majid Rasool Kamli Maqsood Ahmad Malik Vartika Srivastava Jamal S. M. Sabir Ehab H. Mattar Aijaz Ahmad Biogenic ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized from <i>Origanum vulgare</i> Abrogates Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation in Opportunistic Pathogen <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i>
description	This study presents an inexpensive, eco-friendly, and simple green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using <i>Origanum vulgare</i> extract. These nanoparticles are non-hazardous, environmentally friendly, and cheaper than other methods of biosynthesis. Ongoing research determines the role of phytochemicals in the fabrication and biosynthesis of ZnO NPs and their role in antibacterial activity and biomedical applications. Characterizations by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) determine the successful biosynthesis of ZnO NPs. Meanwhile, TEM and X-ray diffraction studies approximated the spherical morphology and crystalline nature of biosynthesized ZnO NPs of nano size in the range of 20–30 nm. The global increase in drug resistance necessitates the search for new drugs with different mechanisms of action. Quorum sensing (QS), a cell-to-cell communication, has gained attention as an emerging drug target. It controls numerous biochemical processes in bacteria, which are essential for their survival and pathogenicity. The potential of nanomedicines has also been tested to synthesize new antibiotics to tackle drug resistance. ZnO NPs were explored for their antibacterial, antiquorum sensing, and antibiofilm activities with a bioreporter strain of <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i>. Susceptibility testing results indicated the potential antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 µg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 16 µg/mL. Antiquorum-sensing assays revealed that these nanoparticles inhibit quorum sensing with minimum antiquorum sensing activity (MQSIC) of 1 µg/mL, without causing any bacterial growth inhibition. In addition, ZnO NPs inhibit biofilm formation at inhibitory and higher concentrations. RT-qPCR results supported the downregulation of the quorum sensing genes when <i>C. violaceum</i> was treated with ZnO NPs. The outcomes of this study are promising with regard to the biofilm and quorum sensing, emphasizing the potential applications of ZnO NPs against bacterial communication and biofilm formation.
format	article
author	Majid Rasool Kamli Maqsood Ahmad Malik Vartika Srivastava Jamal S. M. Sabir Ehab H. Mattar Aijaz Ahmad
author_facet	Majid Rasool Kamli Maqsood Ahmad Malik Vartika Srivastava Jamal S. M. Sabir Ehab H. Mattar Aijaz Ahmad
author_sort	Majid Rasool Kamli
title	Biogenic ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized from <i>Origanum vulgare</i> Abrogates Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation in Opportunistic Pathogen <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i>
title_short	Biogenic ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized from <i>Origanum vulgare</i> Abrogates Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation in Opportunistic Pathogen <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i>
title_full	Biogenic ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized from <i>Origanum vulgare</i> Abrogates Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation in Opportunistic Pathogen <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i>
title_fullStr	Biogenic ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized from <i>Origanum vulgare</i> Abrogates Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation in Opportunistic Pathogen <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i>
title_full_unstemmed	Biogenic ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized from <i>Origanum vulgare</i> Abrogates Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation in Opportunistic Pathogen <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i>
title_sort	biogenic zno nanoparticles synthesized from <i>origanum vulgare</i> abrogates quorum sensing and biofilm formation in opportunistic pathogen <i>chromobacterium violaceum</i>
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6e88c70508544a50abb779d5adff249d
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Biogenic ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized from <i>Origanum vulgare</i> Abrogates Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation in Opportunistic Pathogen <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i>

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