Environmental Flow Requirements of Estuaries: Providing Resilience to Current and Future Climate and Direct Anthropogenic Changes

Estuaries host unique biodiversity and deliver a range of ecosystem services at the interface between catchment and the ocean. They are also among the most degraded ecosystems on Earth. Freshwater flow regimes drive ecological processes contributing to their biodiversity and economic value, but have...

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Autores principales:	Daniel Chilton, David P. Hamilton, Ivan Nagelkerken, Perran Cook, Matthew R. Hipsey, Robert Reid, Marcus Sheaves, Nathan J. Waltham, Justin Brookes
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	environmental flows (E-flows) estuaries freshwater flow requirements freshwater flow alteration ecosystem process and function anthropogenic disturbance Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6e8bfd43ce844ab596bb7d966cd3e83f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6e8bfd43ce844ab596bb7d966cd3e83f2021-11-17T05:12:32ZEnvironmental Flow Requirements of Estuaries: Providing Resilience to Current and Future Climate and Direct Anthropogenic Changes2296-665X10.3389/fenvs.2021.764218https://doaj.org/article/6e8bfd43ce844ab596bb7d966cd3e83f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2021.764218/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-665XEstuaries host unique biodiversity and deliver a range of ecosystem services at the interface between catchment and the ocean. They are also among the most degraded ecosystems on Earth. Freshwater flow regimes drive ecological processes contributing to their biodiversity and economic value, but have been modified extensively in many systems by upstream water use. Knowledge of freshwater flow requirements for estuaries (environmental flows or E-flows) lags behind that of rivers and their floodplains. Generalising estuarine E-flows is further complicated by responses that appear to be specific to each system. Here we critically review the E-flow requirements of estuaries to 1) identify the key ecosystem processes (hydrodynamics, salinity regulation, sediment dynamics, nutrient cycling and trophic transfer, and connectivity) modulated by freshwater flow regimes, 2) identify key drivers (rainfall, runoff, temperature, sea level rise and direct anthropogenic) that generate changes to the magnitude, quality and timing of flows, and 3) propose mitigation strategies (e.g., modification of dam operations and habitat restoration) to buffer against the risks of altered freshwater flows and build resilience to direct and indirect anthropogenic disturbances. These strategies support re-establishment of the natural characteristics of freshwater flow regimes which are foundational to healthy estuarine ecosystems.Daniel ChiltonDavid P. HamiltonIvan NagelkerkenPerran CookMatthew R. HipseyRobert ReidMarcus SheavesNathan J. WalthamJustin BrookesFrontiers Media S.A.articleenvironmental flows (E-flows)estuariesfreshwater flow requirementsfreshwater flow alterationecosystem process and functionanthropogenic disturbanceEnvironmental sciencesGE1-350ENFrontiers in Environmental Science, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	environmental flows (E-flows) estuaries freshwater flow requirements freshwater flow alteration ecosystem process and function anthropogenic disturbance Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	environmental flows (E-flows) estuaries freshwater flow requirements freshwater flow alteration ecosystem process and function anthropogenic disturbance Environmental sciences GE1-350 Daniel Chilton David P. Hamilton Ivan Nagelkerken Perran Cook Matthew R. Hipsey Robert Reid Marcus Sheaves Nathan J. Waltham Justin Brookes Environmental Flow Requirements of Estuaries: Providing Resilience to Current and Future Climate and Direct Anthropogenic Changes
description	Estuaries host unique biodiversity and deliver a range of ecosystem services at the interface between catchment and the ocean. They are also among the most degraded ecosystems on Earth. Freshwater flow regimes drive ecological processes contributing to their biodiversity and economic value, but have been modified extensively in many systems by upstream water use. Knowledge of freshwater flow requirements for estuaries (environmental flows or E-flows) lags behind that of rivers and their floodplains. Generalising estuarine E-flows is further complicated by responses that appear to be specific to each system. Here we critically review the E-flow requirements of estuaries to 1) identify the key ecosystem processes (hydrodynamics, salinity regulation, sediment dynamics, nutrient cycling and trophic transfer, and connectivity) modulated by freshwater flow regimes, 2) identify key drivers (rainfall, runoff, temperature, sea level rise and direct anthropogenic) that generate changes to the magnitude, quality and timing of flows, and 3) propose mitigation strategies (e.g., modification of dam operations and habitat restoration) to buffer against the risks of altered freshwater flows and build resilience to direct and indirect anthropogenic disturbances. These strategies support re-establishment of the natural characteristics of freshwater flow regimes which are foundational to healthy estuarine ecosystems.
format	article
author	Daniel Chilton David P. Hamilton Ivan Nagelkerken Perran Cook Matthew R. Hipsey Robert Reid Marcus Sheaves Nathan J. Waltham Justin Brookes
author_facet	Daniel Chilton David P. Hamilton Ivan Nagelkerken Perran Cook Matthew R. Hipsey Robert Reid Marcus Sheaves Nathan J. Waltham Justin Brookes
author_sort	Daniel Chilton
title	Environmental Flow Requirements of Estuaries: Providing Resilience to Current and Future Climate and Direct Anthropogenic Changes
title_short	Environmental Flow Requirements of Estuaries: Providing Resilience to Current and Future Climate and Direct Anthropogenic Changes
title_full	Environmental Flow Requirements of Estuaries: Providing Resilience to Current and Future Climate and Direct Anthropogenic Changes
title_fullStr	Environmental Flow Requirements of Estuaries: Providing Resilience to Current and Future Climate and Direct Anthropogenic Changes
title_full_unstemmed	Environmental Flow Requirements of Estuaries: Providing Resilience to Current and Future Climate and Direct Anthropogenic Changes
title_sort	environmental flow requirements of estuaries: providing resilience to current and future climate and direct anthropogenic changes
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6e8bfd43ce844ab596bb7d966cd3e83f
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Environmental Flow Requirements of Estuaries: Providing Resilience to Current and Future Climate and Direct Anthropogenic Changes

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