Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in Turkey from 2008 to 2016

Abstract Background Smoking inequalities in Turkey were previously demonstrated in an early stage of the smoking epidemic model. This paper aimed to assess the trends for socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in Turkey over the years in the context of the smoking epidemic model using data from the G...

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Autores principales:	Hur Hassoy, Isil Ergin, Gorkem Yararbas
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Smoking Socioeconomic inequalities Smoking epidemic model Global adult tobacco survey Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6e8e69a0975c42f1baca390d6d7fbfc5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6e8e69a0975c42f1baca390d6d7fbfc52021-11-21T12:10:13ZTrends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in Turkey from 2008 to 201610.1186/s12889-021-12200-x1471-2458https://doaj.org/article/6e8e69a0975c42f1baca390d6d7fbfc52021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12200-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1471-2458Abstract Background Smoking inequalities in Turkey were previously demonstrated in an early stage of the smoking epidemic model. This paper aimed to assess the trends for socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in Turkey over the years in the context of the smoking epidemic model using data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Turkey 2008–2012-2016. Methods Cross-sectional data were analyzed to calculate the association of smoking with, wealth, education, occupation and place of residence using age-standardized prevalence rates, odds ratios, relative index of inequality (RII) and slope index of inequality (SII). The analysis was performed separately for age groups (younger: 20–39 years/older: 40 and above years) and sex. Results Younger women with higher wealth and older women with higher wealth and education smoked more. For both age groups, smoking was increased for working class and urban women. Relative wealth inequalities in smoking narrowed and then showed a reversal for younger women (RII2008 = 3.37; 95% CI:1.64–3.40; RII2012 = 2.19; 95% CI:1.48–3.24; RII2016 = 0.80; 95% CI:0.58–1.10, p-for trend < 0.0001). Relative educational inequalities in smoking for older women also showed a narrowing (RII2008 = 21.45; 95% CI:11.74–39.19; RII2012 = 15.25; 95% CI:9.10–25.55; and RII2016 = 5.48; 95% CI:3.86–7.78, p-for trend < 0.0001). For older women, a similar narrowing was observed for wealth (RII2008 = 3.94; 95% CI:2.38–6.53; RII2012 = 2.79; 95% CI:1.80–4.32; and RII2016 = 1.34; 95% CI:0.94–1.91, p-for trend = 0.0001). The only significant trend for absolute inequalities was for younger women by wealth. This trend showed a narrowing and then a reversal (SII2008 = 0.14; 95% CI:0.09–1.20; SII2012 = 0.12; 95% CI:0.06–0.18; and SII2016 = -0.05; 95% CI:-0.12–0.02, p-for trend = 0.0001). Unlike women, smoking in men showed inverse associations for wealth and education, although not statistically confirmed for all years. Smoking was increased in working classes and unemployed men in 2012 and 2016. Inequalities did not show a trend in relative and absolute terms for men. Conclusions For smoking inequalities in Turkey, a transition to the next stage was observed, although the previously defined Southern European pattern also existed. Low socioeconomic women deserve special attention as well as stressors at work and drivers of smoking at urban settings.Hur HassoyIsil ErginGorkem YararbasBMCarticleSmokingSocioeconomic inequalitiesSmoking epidemic modelGlobal adult tobacco surveyPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENBMC Public Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Smoking Socioeconomic inequalities Smoking epidemic model Global adult tobacco survey Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Smoking Socioeconomic inequalities Smoking epidemic model Global adult tobacco survey Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Hur Hassoy Isil Ergin Gorkem Yararbas Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in Turkey from 2008 to 2016
description	Abstract Background Smoking inequalities in Turkey were previously demonstrated in an early stage of the smoking epidemic model. This paper aimed to assess the trends for socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in Turkey over the years in the context of the smoking epidemic model using data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Turkey 2008–2012-2016. Methods Cross-sectional data were analyzed to calculate the association of smoking with, wealth, education, occupation and place of residence using age-standardized prevalence rates, odds ratios, relative index of inequality (RII) and slope index of inequality (SII). The analysis was performed separately for age groups (younger: 20–39 years/older: 40 and above years) and sex. Results Younger women with higher wealth and older women with higher wealth and education smoked more. For both age groups, smoking was increased for working class and urban women. Relative wealth inequalities in smoking narrowed and then showed a reversal for younger women (RII2008 = 3.37; 95% CI:1.64–3.40; RII2012 = 2.19; 95% CI:1.48–3.24; RII2016 = 0.80; 95% CI:0.58–1.10, p-for trend < 0.0001). Relative educational inequalities in smoking for older women also showed a narrowing (RII2008 = 21.45; 95% CI:11.74–39.19; RII2012 = 15.25; 95% CI:9.10–25.55; and RII2016 = 5.48; 95% CI:3.86–7.78, p-for trend < 0.0001). For older women, a similar narrowing was observed for wealth (RII2008 = 3.94; 95% CI:2.38–6.53; RII2012 = 2.79; 95% CI:1.80–4.32; and RII2016 = 1.34; 95% CI:0.94–1.91, p-for trend = 0.0001). The only significant trend for absolute inequalities was for younger women by wealth. This trend showed a narrowing and then a reversal (SII2008 = 0.14; 95% CI:0.09–1.20; SII2012 = 0.12; 95% CI:0.06–0.18; and SII2016 = -0.05; 95% CI:-0.12–0.02, p-for trend = 0.0001). Unlike women, smoking in men showed inverse associations for wealth and education, although not statistically confirmed for all years. Smoking was increased in working classes and unemployed men in 2012 and 2016. Inequalities did not show a trend in relative and absolute terms for men. Conclusions For smoking inequalities in Turkey, a transition to the next stage was observed, although the previously defined Southern European pattern also existed. Low socioeconomic women deserve special attention as well as stressors at work and drivers of smoking at urban settings.
format	article
author	Hur Hassoy Isil Ergin Gorkem Yararbas
author_facet	Hur Hassoy Isil Ergin Gorkem Yararbas
author_sort	Hur Hassoy
title	Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in Turkey from 2008 to 2016
title_short	Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in Turkey from 2008 to 2016
title_full	Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in Turkey from 2008 to 2016
title_fullStr	Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in Turkey from 2008 to 2016
title_full_unstemmed	Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in Turkey from 2008 to 2016
title_sort	trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in turkey from 2008 to 2016
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6e8e69a0975c42f1baca390d6d7fbfc5
work_keys_str_mv	AT hurhassoy trendsinsocioeconomicinequalitiesinsmokinginturkeyfrom2008to2016 AT isilergin trendsinsocioeconomicinequalitiesinsmokinginturkeyfrom2008to2016 AT gorkemyararbas trendsinsocioeconomicinequalitiesinsmokinginturkeyfrom2008to2016
_version_	1718419192677400576

Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in Turkey from 2008 to 2016

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