Human Chemical Exposure from Background Emissions in the United States and the Implication for Quantifying Risks from Marginal Emission Increase

The linear dose–response relationship has long been assumed in assessments of health risk from an incremental chemical emission relative to background emissions. In this study, we systematically examine the relevancy of such an assumption with real-world data. We used the reported emission data, as...

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Autores principales:	Dingsheng Li, Li Li
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	background emission exposure modeling dose–response relationship human health risk assessment Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6eba891bf1114e0d9cd2686174452a8b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6eba891bf1114e0d9cd2686174452a8b2021-11-25T19:08:18ZHuman Chemical Exposure from Background Emissions in the United States and the Implication for Quantifying Risks from Marginal Emission Increase10.3390/toxics91103082305-6304https://doaj.org/article/6eba891bf1114e0d9cd2686174452a8b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/11/308https://doaj.org/toc/2305-6304The linear dose–response relationship has long been assumed in assessments of health risk from an incremental chemical emission relative to background emissions. In this study, we systematically examine the relevancy of such an assumption with real-world data. We used the reported emission data, as background emissions, from the 2017 U.S. National Emission Inventory for 95 organic chemicals to estimate the central tendencies of exposures of the general U.S. population. Previously published nonlinear dose–response relationships for chemicals were used to estimate health risk from exposure. We also explored and identified four intervals of exposure in which the nonlinear dose–response relationship may be linearly approximated with fixed slopes. Predicted rates of exposure to these 95 chemicals are all within the lowest of the four intervals and associated with low health risk. The health risk may be overestimated if a slope on the dose–response relationship extrapolated from toxicological assays based on high response rates is used for a marginal increase in emission not substantially higher than background emissions. To improve the confidence of human health risk estimates for chemicals, future efforts should focus on deriving a more accurate dose–response relationship at lower response rates and interface it with exposure assessments.Dingsheng LiLi LiMDPI AGarticlebackground emissionexposure modelingdose–response relationshiphuman health risk assessmentChemical technologyTP1-1185ENToxics, Vol 9, Iss 308, p 308 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	background emission exposure modeling dose–response relationship human health risk assessment Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	background emission exposure modeling dose–response relationship human health risk assessment Chemical technology TP1-1185 Dingsheng Li Li Li Human Chemical Exposure from Background Emissions in the United States and the Implication for Quantifying Risks from Marginal Emission Increase
description	The linear dose–response relationship has long been assumed in assessments of health risk from an incremental chemical emission relative to background emissions. In this study, we systematically examine the relevancy of such an assumption with real-world data. We used the reported emission data, as background emissions, from the 2017 U.S. National Emission Inventory for 95 organic chemicals to estimate the central tendencies of exposures of the general U.S. population. Previously published nonlinear dose–response relationships for chemicals were used to estimate health risk from exposure. We also explored and identified four intervals of exposure in which the nonlinear dose–response relationship may be linearly approximated with fixed slopes. Predicted rates of exposure to these 95 chemicals are all within the lowest of the four intervals and associated with low health risk. The health risk may be overestimated if a slope on the dose–response relationship extrapolated from toxicological assays based on high response rates is used for a marginal increase in emission not substantially higher than background emissions. To improve the confidence of human health risk estimates for chemicals, future efforts should focus on deriving a more accurate dose–response relationship at lower response rates and interface it with exposure assessments.
format	article
author	Dingsheng Li Li Li
author_facet	Dingsheng Li Li Li
author_sort	Dingsheng Li
title	Human Chemical Exposure from Background Emissions in the United States and the Implication for Quantifying Risks from Marginal Emission Increase
title_short	Human Chemical Exposure from Background Emissions in the United States and the Implication for Quantifying Risks from Marginal Emission Increase
title_full	Human Chemical Exposure from Background Emissions in the United States and the Implication for Quantifying Risks from Marginal Emission Increase
title_fullStr	Human Chemical Exposure from Background Emissions in the United States and the Implication for Quantifying Risks from Marginal Emission Increase
title_full_unstemmed	Human Chemical Exposure from Background Emissions in the United States and the Implication for Quantifying Risks from Marginal Emission Increase
title_sort	human chemical exposure from background emissions in the united states and the implication for quantifying risks from marginal emission increase
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6eba891bf1114e0d9cd2686174452a8b
work_keys_str_mv	AT dingshengli humanchemicalexposurefrombackgroundemissionsintheunitedstatesandtheimplicationforquantifyingrisksfrommarginalemissionincrease AT lili humanchemicalexposurefrombackgroundemissionsintheunitedstatesandtheimplicationforquantifyingrisksfrommarginalemissionincrease
_version_	1718410222927609856

Human Chemical Exposure from Background Emissions in the United States and the Implication for Quantifying Risks from Marginal Emission Increase

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