An in-vivo study of BOLD laminar responses as a function of echo time and static magnetic field strength

Abstract Layer specific functional MRI requires high spatial resolution data. To compensate the associated poor signal to noise ratio it is common to integrate the signal from voxels at a given cortical depth. If the region is sufficiently large then physiological noise will be the dominant noise so...

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Autores principales:	Irati Markuerkiaga, José P. Marques, Lauren J. Bains, David G. Norris
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6ed41235e1f741df983ac1497e81614d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6ed41235e1f741df983ac1497e81614d2021-12-02T13:51:15ZAn in-vivo study of BOLD laminar responses as a function of echo time and static magnetic field strength10.1038/s41598-021-81249-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/6ed41235e1f741df983ac1497e81614d2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81249-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Layer specific functional MRI requires high spatial resolution data. To compensate the associated poor signal to noise ratio it is common to integrate the signal from voxels at a given cortical depth. If the region is sufficiently large then physiological noise will be the dominant noise source. In this work, activation profiles in response to the same visual stimulus are compared at 1.5 T, 3 T and 7 T using a multi-echo, gradient echo (GE) FLASH sequence, with a 0.75 mm isotropic voxel size and the cortical integration approach. The results show that after integrating over a cortical volume of 40, 60 and 100 mm3 (at 7 T, 3 T, and 1.5 T, respectively), the signal is in the physiological noise dominated regime. The activation profiles obtained are similar for equivalent echo times. BOLD-like noise is found to be the dominant source of physiological noise. Consequently, the functional contrast to noise ratio is not strongly echo-time or field-strength dependent. We conclude that laminar GE-BOLD fMRI at lower field strengths is feasible but that larger patches of cortex will need to be examined, and that the acquisition efficiency is reduced.Irati MarkuerkiagaJosé P. MarquesLauren J. BainsDavid G. NorrisNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Irati Markuerkiaga José P. Marques Lauren J. Bains David G. Norris An in-vivo study of BOLD laminar responses as a function of echo time and static magnetic field strength
description	Abstract Layer specific functional MRI requires high spatial resolution data. To compensate the associated poor signal to noise ratio it is common to integrate the signal from voxels at a given cortical depth. If the region is sufficiently large then physiological noise will be the dominant noise source. In this work, activation profiles in response to the same visual stimulus are compared at 1.5 T, 3 T and 7 T using a multi-echo, gradient echo (GE) FLASH sequence, with a 0.75 mm isotropic voxel size and the cortical integration approach. The results show that after integrating over a cortical volume of 40, 60 and 100 mm3 (at 7 T, 3 T, and 1.5 T, respectively), the signal is in the physiological noise dominated regime. The activation profiles obtained are similar for equivalent echo times. BOLD-like noise is found to be the dominant source of physiological noise. Consequently, the functional contrast to noise ratio is not strongly echo-time or field-strength dependent. We conclude that laminar GE-BOLD fMRI at lower field strengths is feasible but that larger patches of cortex will need to be examined, and that the acquisition efficiency is reduced.
format	article
author	Irati Markuerkiaga José P. Marques Lauren J. Bains David G. Norris
author_facet	Irati Markuerkiaga José P. Marques Lauren J. Bains David G. Norris
author_sort	Irati Markuerkiaga
title	An in-vivo study of BOLD laminar responses as a function of echo time and static magnetic field strength
title_short	An in-vivo study of BOLD laminar responses as a function of echo time and static magnetic field strength
title_full	An in-vivo study of BOLD laminar responses as a function of echo time and static magnetic field strength
title_fullStr	An in-vivo study of BOLD laminar responses as a function of echo time and static magnetic field strength
title_full_unstemmed	An in-vivo study of BOLD laminar responses as a function of echo time and static magnetic field strength
title_sort	in-vivo study of bold laminar responses as a function of echo time and static magnetic field strength
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6ed41235e1f741df983ac1497e81614d
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An in-vivo study of BOLD laminar responses as a function of echo time and static magnetic field strength

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