Groundwater Decline and Prolonged Drought Could Reduce Vigour, Enhance Vulnerability to Diseases and Pests and Kill Perennial Horticultural Crops: Needs Urgent Policy Intervention

Perennial horticulture in India has undergone a change from rainfed system to drip fertigation systems and from isolated hedge and bund trees to high intensity orchard systems with enhanced number of trees per unit area. In several parts, particularly in the Deccan plateau, the system has now become...

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Autores principales:	A N Ganeshamurthy, D Kalaivanan, T R Rupa, H B Raghupathi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Society for Promotion of Horticulture - Indian Institute of Horticultural Research 2020
Materias:	drought fruit trees groundwater depletion peak water perennial crops policy issue Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6ed8d752b71240e9846ac86ad7362ca6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6ed8d752b71240e9846ac86ad7362ca62021-12-02T16:49:47ZGroundwater Decline and Prolonged Drought Could Reduce Vigour, Enhance Vulnerability to Diseases and Pests and Kill Perennial Horticultural Crops: Needs Urgent Policy Intervention0973-354X2582-489910.24154/JHS.2020.v15i01.002https://doaj.org/article/6ed8d752b71240e9846ac86ad7362ca62020-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://jhs.iihr.res.in/index.php/jhs/article/view/776https://doaj.org/toc/0973-354Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2582-4899Perennial horticulture in India has undergone a change from rainfed system to drip fertigation systems and from isolated hedge and bund trees to high intensity orchard systems with enhanced number of trees per unit area. In several parts, particularly in the Deccan plateau, the system has now become completely dependent on water pumped from tube wells. Severe competition for water from tube wells makes farmers to devote more water for cash rich annual crops and even sell water for city dwellers nearby. As a consequence, the groundwater level in the past three decades has fallen from few feet to above thousand feet. At several places it has crossed the “peak water”. Frequent and prolonged exposure of fruit trees and nuts to drought coupled with ground water depletion has led to soil profile drying leading to reduced vigour and enhanced vulnerability to diseases and pests. This has led to withering of fruit and nut trees. Perennial crops are likely to become increasingly maladapted to their environment, particularly in the earlier period of climate change they are more likely to be attacked by diseases and insects. Coconuts, areca nuts and mango trees have died in several places and the government constituted committees have recommended compensation to the farmers. As a country, we have dramatically increased our reliance on groundwater. 175 million Indians are now fed with food produced with the unsustainable use of groundwater. This increase has dried up rivers and lakes, because there is a hydrologic connection between groundwater and surface water. Yet the legal rules governing water use usually ignore the link between law and science. The issue needs thorough examination and needs policy interventions to come out of this vicious circle.A N GaneshamurthyD KalaivananT R RupaH B RaghupathiSociety for Promotion of Horticulture - Indian Institute of Horticultural Researcharticledroughtfruit treesgroundwater depletionpeak waterperennial cropspolicy issuePlant cultureSB1-1110ENJournal of Horticultural Sciences, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 9-16 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	drought fruit trees groundwater depletion peak water perennial crops policy issue Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	drought fruit trees groundwater depletion peak water perennial crops policy issue Plant culture SB1-1110 A N Ganeshamurthy D Kalaivanan T R Rupa H B Raghupathi Groundwater Decline and Prolonged Drought Could Reduce Vigour, Enhance Vulnerability to Diseases and Pests and Kill Perennial Horticultural Crops: Needs Urgent Policy Intervention
description	Perennial horticulture in India has undergone a change from rainfed system to drip fertigation systems and from isolated hedge and bund trees to high intensity orchard systems with enhanced number of trees per unit area. In several parts, particularly in the Deccan plateau, the system has now become completely dependent on water pumped from tube wells. Severe competition for water from tube wells makes farmers to devote more water for cash rich annual crops and even sell water for city dwellers nearby. As a consequence, the groundwater level in the past three decades has fallen from few feet to above thousand feet. At several places it has crossed the “peak water”. Frequent and prolonged exposure of fruit trees and nuts to drought coupled with ground water depletion has led to soil profile drying leading to reduced vigour and enhanced vulnerability to diseases and pests. This has led to withering of fruit and nut trees. Perennial crops are likely to become increasingly maladapted to their environment, particularly in the earlier period of climate change they are more likely to be attacked by diseases and insects. Coconuts, areca nuts and mango trees have died in several places and the government constituted committees have recommended compensation to the farmers. As a country, we have dramatically increased our reliance on groundwater. 175 million Indians are now fed with food produced with the unsustainable use of groundwater. This increase has dried up rivers and lakes, because there is a hydrologic connection between groundwater and surface water. Yet the legal rules governing water use usually ignore the link between law and science. The issue needs thorough examination and needs policy interventions to come out of this vicious circle.
format	article
author	A N Ganeshamurthy D Kalaivanan T R Rupa H B Raghupathi
author_facet	A N Ganeshamurthy D Kalaivanan T R Rupa H B Raghupathi
author_sort	A N Ganeshamurthy
title	Groundwater Decline and Prolonged Drought Could Reduce Vigour, Enhance Vulnerability to Diseases and Pests and Kill Perennial Horticultural Crops: Needs Urgent Policy Intervention
title_short	Groundwater Decline and Prolonged Drought Could Reduce Vigour, Enhance Vulnerability to Diseases and Pests and Kill Perennial Horticultural Crops: Needs Urgent Policy Intervention
title_full	Groundwater Decline and Prolonged Drought Could Reduce Vigour, Enhance Vulnerability to Diseases and Pests and Kill Perennial Horticultural Crops: Needs Urgent Policy Intervention
title_fullStr	Groundwater Decline and Prolonged Drought Could Reduce Vigour, Enhance Vulnerability to Diseases and Pests and Kill Perennial Horticultural Crops: Needs Urgent Policy Intervention
title_full_unstemmed	Groundwater Decline and Prolonged Drought Could Reduce Vigour, Enhance Vulnerability to Diseases and Pests and Kill Perennial Horticultural Crops: Needs Urgent Policy Intervention
title_sort	groundwater decline and prolonged drought could reduce vigour, enhance vulnerability to diseases and pests and kill perennial horticultural crops: needs urgent policy intervention
publisher	Society for Promotion of Horticulture - Indian Institute of Horticultural Research
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/6ed8d752b71240e9846ac86ad7362ca6
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Groundwater Decline and Prolonged Drought Could Reduce Vigour, Enhance Vulnerability to Diseases and Pests and Kill Perennial Horticultural Crops: Needs Urgent Policy Intervention

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