Global diversity hotspots and conservation priorities for sharks.

Sharks are one of the most threatened groups of marine animals, as high exploitation rates coupled with low resilience to fishing pressure have resulted in population declines worldwide. Designing conservation strategies for this group depends on basic knowledge of the geographic distribution and di...

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Autores principales:	Luis O Lucifora, Verónica B García, Boris Worm
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6ed9fe0f3d5f40db949ac7f9e5b1930b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6ed9fe0f3d5f40db949ac7f9e5b1930b2021-11-18T06:54:26ZGlobal diversity hotspots and conservation priorities for sharks.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0019356https://doaj.org/article/6ed9fe0f3d5f40db949ac7f9e5b1930b2011-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21573162/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Sharks are one of the most threatened groups of marine animals, as high exploitation rates coupled with low resilience to fishing pressure have resulted in population declines worldwide. Designing conservation strategies for this group depends on basic knowledge of the geographic distribution and diversity of known species. So far, this information has been fragmented and incomplete. Here, we have synthesized the first global shark diversity pattern from a new database of published sources, including all 507 species described at present, and have identified hotspots of shark species richness, functional diversity and endemicity from these data. We have evaluated the congruence of these diversity measures and demonstrate their potential use in setting priority areas for shark conservation. Our results show that shark diversity across all species peaks on the continental shelves and at mid-latitudes (30-40 degrees N and S). Global hotspots of species richness, functional diversity and endemicity were found off Japan, Taiwan, the East and West coasts of Australia, Southeast Africa, Southeast Brazil and Southeast USA. Moreover, some areas with low to moderate species richness such as Southern Australia, Angola, North Chile and Western Continental Europe stood out as places of high functional diversity. Finally, species affected by shark finning showed different patterns of diversity, with peaks closer to the Equator and a more oceanic distribution overall. Our results show that the global pattern of shark diversity is uniquely different from land, and other well-studied marine taxa, and may provide guidance for spatial approaches to shark conservation. However, similar to terrestrial ecosystems, protected areas based on hotspots of diversity and endemism alone would provide insufficient means for safeguarding the diverse functional roles that sharks play in marine ecosystems.Luis O LuciforaVerónica B GarcíaBoris WormPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 5, p e19356 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Luis O Lucifora Verónica B García Boris Worm Global diversity hotspots and conservation priorities for sharks.
description	Sharks are one of the most threatened groups of marine animals, as high exploitation rates coupled with low resilience to fishing pressure have resulted in population declines worldwide. Designing conservation strategies for this group depends on basic knowledge of the geographic distribution and diversity of known species. So far, this information has been fragmented and incomplete. Here, we have synthesized the first global shark diversity pattern from a new database of published sources, including all 507 species described at present, and have identified hotspots of shark species richness, functional diversity and endemicity from these data. We have evaluated the congruence of these diversity measures and demonstrate their potential use in setting priority areas for shark conservation. Our results show that shark diversity across all species peaks on the continental shelves and at mid-latitudes (30-40 degrees N and S). Global hotspots of species richness, functional diversity and endemicity were found off Japan, Taiwan, the East and West coasts of Australia, Southeast Africa, Southeast Brazil and Southeast USA. Moreover, some areas with low to moderate species richness such as Southern Australia, Angola, North Chile and Western Continental Europe stood out as places of high functional diversity. Finally, species affected by shark finning showed different patterns of diversity, with peaks closer to the Equator and a more oceanic distribution overall. Our results show that the global pattern of shark diversity is uniquely different from land, and other well-studied marine taxa, and may provide guidance for spatial approaches to shark conservation. However, similar to terrestrial ecosystems, protected areas based on hotspots of diversity and endemism alone would provide insufficient means for safeguarding the diverse functional roles that sharks play in marine ecosystems.
format	article
author	Luis O Lucifora Verónica B García Boris Worm
author_facet	Luis O Lucifora Verónica B García Boris Worm
author_sort	Luis O Lucifora
title	Global diversity hotspots and conservation priorities for sharks.
title_short	Global diversity hotspots and conservation priorities for sharks.
title_full	Global diversity hotspots and conservation priorities for sharks.
title_fullStr	Global diversity hotspots and conservation priorities for sharks.
title_full_unstemmed	Global diversity hotspots and conservation priorities for sharks.
title_sort	global diversity hotspots and conservation priorities for sharks.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/6ed9fe0f3d5f40db949ac7f9e5b1930b
work_keys_str_mv	AT luisolucifora globaldiversityhotspotsandconservationprioritiesforsharks AT veronicabgarcia globaldiversityhotspotsandconservationprioritiesforsharks AT borisworm globaldiversityhotspotsandconservationprioritiesforsharks
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Global diversity hotspots and conservation priorities for sharks.

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