The Rasch Model Cannot Reveal Systematic Differential Item Functioning in Single Tests: Subset DIF Analysis as an Alternative Methodology

This article demonstrates that the Rasch model cannot reveal systematic differential item functioning (DIF) in single tests. The person total score is the sufficient statistic for the person parameter estimate, eliminating the possibility for residuals at the test level. An alternative approach is t...

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Autores principales:	Stephen Humphry, Paul Montuoro
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	psychometrics Rasch model invariance differential item functioning (DIF) systematic DIF subset DIF Education (General) L7-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6ee95702a9a24ef69921a5cbecefcbcf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6ee95702a9a24ef69921a5cbecefcbcf2021-11-30T12:59:22ZThe Rasch Model Cannot Reveal Systematic Differential Item Functioning in Single Tests: Subset DIF Analysis as an Alternative Methodology2504-284X10.3389/feduc.2021.742560https://doaj.org/article/6ee95702a9a24ef69921a5cbecefcbcf2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2021.742560/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2504-284XThis article demonstrates that the Rasch model cannot reveal systematic differential item functioning (DIF) in single tests. The person total score is the sufficient statistic for the person parameter estimate, eliminating the possibility for residuals at the test level. An alternative approach is to use subset DIF analysis to search for DIF in item subsets that form the components of the broader latent trait. In this methodology, person parameter estimates are initially calculated using all test items. Then, in separate analyses, these person estimates are compared to the observed means in each subset, and the residuals assessed. As such, this methodology tests the assumption that the person locations in each factor group are invariant across subsets. The first objective is to demonstrate that in single tests differences in factor groups will appear as differences in the mean person estimates and the distributions of these estimates. The second objective is to demonstrate how subset DIF analysis reveals differences between person estimates and the observed means in subsets. Implications for practitioners are discussed.Stephen HumphryPaul MontuoroFrontiers Media S.A.articlepsychometricsRasch modelinvariancedifferential item functioning (DIF)systematic DIFsubset DIFEducation (General)L7-991ENFrontiers in Education, Vol 6 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	psychometrics Rasch model invariance differential item functioning (DIF) systematic DIF subset DIF Education (General) L7-991
spellingShingle	psychometrics Rasch model invariance differential item functioning (DIF) systematic DIF subset DIF Education (General) L7-991 Stephen Humphry Paul Montuoro The Rasch Model Cannot Reveal Systematic Differential Item Functioning in Single Tests: Subset DIF Analysis as an Alternative Methodology
description	This article demonstrates that the Rasch model cannot reveal systematic differential item functioning (DIF) in single tests. The person total score is the sufficient statistic for the person parameter estimate, eliminating the possibility for residuals at the test level. An alternative approach is to use subset DIF analysis to search for DIF in item subsets that form the components of the broader latent trait. In this methodology, person parameter estimates are initially calculated using all test items. Then, in separate analyses, these person estimates are compared to the observed means in each subset, and the residuals assessed. As such, this methodology tests the assumption that the person locations in each factor group are invariant across subsets. The first objective is to demonstrate that in single tests differences in factor groups will appear as differences in the mean person estimates and the distributions of these estimates. The second objective is to demonstrate how subset DIF analysis reveals differences between person estimates and the observed means in subsets. Implications for practitioners are discussed.
format	article
author	Stephen Humphry Paul Montuoro
author_facet	Stephen Humphry Paul Montuoro
author_sort	Stephen Humphry
title	The Rasch Model Cannot Reveal Systematic Differential Item Functioning in Single Tests: Subset DIF Analysis as an Alternative Methodology
title_short	The Rasch Model Cannot Reveal Systematic Differential Item Functioning in Single Tests: Subset DIF Analysis as an Alternative Methodology
title_full	The Rasch Model Cannot Reveal Systematic Differential Item Functioning in Single Tests: Subset DIF Analysis as an Alternative Methodology
title_fullStr	The Rasch Model Cannot Reveal Systematic Differential Item Functioning in Single Tests: Subset DIF Analysis as an Alternative Methodology
title_full_unstemmed	The Rasch Model Cannot Reveal Systematic Differential Item Functioning in Single Tests: Subset DIF Analysis as an Alternative Methodology
title_sort	rasch model cannot reveal systematic differential item functioning in single tests: subset dif analysis as an alternative methodology
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6ee95702a9a24ef69921a5cbecefcbcf
work_keys_str_mv	AT stephenhumphry theraschmodelcannotrevealsystematicdifferentialitemfunctioninginsingletestssubsetdifanalysisasanalternativemethodology AT paulmontuoro theraschmodelcannotrevealsystematicdifferentialitemfunctioninginsingletestssubsetdifanalysisasanalternativemethodology AT stephenhumphry raschmodelcannotrevealsystematicdifferentialitemfunctioninginsingletestssubsetdifanalysisasanalternativemethodology AT paulmontuoro raschmodelcannotrevealsystematicdifferentialitemfunctioninginsingletestssubsetdifanalysisasanalternativemethodology
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The Rasch Model Cannot Reveal Systematic Differential Item Functioning in Single Tests: Subset DIF Analysis as an Alternative Methodology

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