Analyzing the Stressors for Frontline Soldiers Fighting Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

This study aimed to analyze stressors to which medical staff is vulnerable due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It also imposes a hierarchy on complex relations among stressors for excavating underlying structure and builds a model of interrelationships contrasting reality. The d...

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Autores principales:	Muhammad Zeeshan Shaukat, Miklas Scholz, Tehmina Fiaz Qazi, Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi, Abdul Basit, Asif Mahmood
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	COVID-19 frontline soldiers healthcare ISM MICMAC coronavirus disease 2019 Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6ef33c6019d54561ae0e1e9ddadc1631
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6ef33c6019d54561ae0e1e9ddadc16312021-11-18T04:54:29ZAnalyzing the Stressors for Frontline Soldiers Fighting Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic1664-107810.3389/fpsyg.2021.751882https://doaj.org/article/6ef33c6019d54561ae0e1e9ddadc16312021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.751882/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078This study aimed to analyze stressors to which medical staff is vulnerable due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It also imposes a hierarchy on complex relations among stressors for excavating underlying structure and builds a model of interrelationships contrasting reality. The design of this study comprises a literature survey, data collection from primary sources, and analysis. Stressors have been explored from within current published/unpublished literature and validated by experts through approval vote. Data were collected from the focus group (panel of experts), and interpretive structural modeling (ISM) was used as the research methodology. Findings of ISM are avowed through “cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification” (MICMAC) analysis. As a result of the literature survey, a list of stressors was generated, and a total of 19 stressors qualified as representative of the phenomenon. The results of ISM show that two stressors (i.e., “unavailability of proper personal protective equipment (PPE)” and “lack of proper communication”) emerged as the most critical stressors since they occupy the bottom of the model, whereas, four stressors (i.e., “anxious about isolation/quarantine,” “subject to violent crimes,” “feeling frustrated and powerless,” and “exhausting shifts/hours without clear end”) are relatively less critical since they occupy the top of the model. The rest of the stressors occupy the middle of the model and therefore, have moderate-severe effects on frontline soldiers. The results of MICMAC show that the stressor “subject to violent crimes” is classified in the dependent cluster and the remaining fall in the linkage cluster but no stressor falls in independent and autonomous. Overall results indicate that all stressors are relevant to the phenomenon under this study, but they are currently not settled. This study is invaluable for policymakers, frontline soldiers, researchers, the international community, and society since it provides a lot of new information that is helpful in refining strategies and combating influential stressors.Muhammad Zeeshan ShaukatMiklas ScholzMiklas ScholzMiklas ScholzMiklas ScholzTehmina Fiaz QaziAbdul Aziz Khan NiaziAbdul BasitAsif MahmoodFrontiers Media S.A.articleCOVID-19frontline soldiershealthcareISMMICMACcoronavirus disease 2019PsychologyBF1-990ENFrontiers in Psychology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	COVID-19 frontline soldiers healthcare ISM MICMAC coronavirus disease 2019 Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	COVID-19 frontline soldiers healthcare ISM MICMAC coronavirus disease 2019 Psychology BF1-990 Muhammad Zeeshan Shaukat Miklas Scholz Miklas Scholz Miklas Scholz Miklas Scholz Tehmina Fiaz Qazi Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi Abdul Basit Asif Mahmood Analyzing the Stressors for Frontline Soldiers Fighting Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
description	This study aimed to analyze stressors to which medical staff is vulnerable due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It also imposes a hierarchy on complex relations among stressors for excavating underlying structure and builds a model of interrelationships contrasting reality. The design of this study comprises a literature survey, data collection from primary sources, and analysis. Stressors have been explored from within current published/unpublished literature and validated by experts through approval vote. Data were collected from the focus group (panel of experts), and interpretive structural modeling (ISM) was used as the research methodology. Findings of ISM are avowed through “cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification” (MICMAC) analysis. As a result of the literature survey, a list of stressors was generated, and a total of 19 stressors qualified as representative of the phenomenon. The results of ISM show that two stressors (i.e., “unavailability of proper personal protective equipment (PPE)” and “lack of proper communication”) emerged as the most critical stressors since they occupy the bottom of the model, whereas, four stressors (i.e., “anxious about isolation/quarantine,” “subject to violent crimes,” “feeling frustrated and powerless,” and “exhausting shifts/hours without clear end”) are relatively less critical since they occupy the top of the model. The rest of the stressors occupy the middle of the model and therefore, have moderate-severe effects on frontline soldiers. The results of MICMAC show that the stressor “subject to violent crimes” is classified in the dependent cluster and the remaining fall in the linkage cluster but no stressor falls in independent and autonomous. Overall results indicate that all stressors are relevant to the phenomenon under this study, but they are currently not settled. This study is invaluable for policymakers, frontline soldiers, researchers, the international community, and society since it provides a lot of new information that is helpful in refining strategies and combating influential stressors.
format	article
author	Muhammad Zeeshan Shaukat Miklas Scholz Miklas Scholz Miklas Scholz Miklas Scholz Tehmina Fiaz Qazi Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi Abdul Basit Asif Mahmood
author_facet	Muhammad Zeeshan Shaukat Miklas Scholz Miklas Scholz Miklas Scholz Miklas Scholz Tehmina Fiaz Qazi Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi Abdul Basit Asif Mahmood
author_sort	Muhammad Zeeshan Shaukat
title	Analyzing the Stressors for Frontline Soldiers Fighting Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
title_short	Analyzing the Stressors for Frontline Soldiers Fighting Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
title_full	Analyzing the Stressors for Frontline Soldiers Fighting Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
title_fullStr	Analyzing the Stressors for Frontline Soldiers Fighting Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
title_full_unstemmed	Analyzing the Stressors for Frontline Soldiers Fighting Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
title_sort	analyzing the stressors for frontline soldiers fighting against coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6ef33c6019d54561ae0e1e9ddadc1631
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Analyzing the Stressors for Frontline Soldiers Fighting Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

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