Genome-Wide Identification, Genomic Organization, and Characterization of Potassium Transport-Related Genes in <i>Cajanus cajan</i> and Their Role in Abiotic Stress
Potassium is the most important and abundant inorganic cation in plants and it can comprise up to 10% of a plant’s dry weight. Plants possess complex systems of transporters and channels for the transport of K<sup>+</sup> from soil to numerous parts of plants. <i>Cajanus cajan</...
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oai:doaj.org-article:6f1cf2ee951e40f8a9a1dbfc97893e9f2021-11-25T18:44:04ZGenome-Wide Identification, Genomic Organization, and Characterization of Potassium Transport-Related Genes in <i>Cajanus cajan</i> and Their Role in Abiotic Stress10.3390/plants101122382223-7747https://doaj.org/article/6f1cf2ee951e40f8a9a1dbfc97893e9f2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2238https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Potassium is the most important and abundant inorganic cation in plants and it can comprise up to 10% of a plant’s dry weight. Plants possess complex systems of transporters and channels for the transport of K<sup>+</sup> from soil to numerous parts of plants. <i>Cajanus cajan</i> is cultivated in different regions of the world as an economical source of carbohydrates, fiber, proteins, and fodder for animals. In the current study, 39 K<sup>+</sup> transport genes were identified in <i>C. cajan</i>, including 25 K<sup>+</sup> transporters (17 carrier-like K<sup>+</sup> transporters (KUP/HAK/KTs), 2 high-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs), and 6 K<sup>+</sup> efflux transporters (KEAs) and 14 K<sup>+</sup> channels (9 shakers and 5 tandem-pore K<sup>+</sup> channels (TPKs). Chromosomal mapping indicated that these genes were randomly distributed among 10 chromosomes. A comparative phylogenetic analysis including protein sequences from <i>Glycine max, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Medicago truncatula Cicer arietinum,</i> and <i>C. cajan</i> suggested vital conservation of K<sup>+</sup> transport genes. Gene structure analysis showed that the intron/exon organization of K<sup>+</sup> transporter and channel genes is highly conserved in a family-specific manner. In the promoter region, many <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements were identified related to abiotic stress, suggesting their role in abiotic stress response. Abiotic stresses (salt, heat, and drought) adversely affect chlorophyll, carotenoids contents, and total soluble proteins. Furthermore, the activities of catalase, superoxide, and peroxidase were altered in <i>C. cajan</i> leaves under applied stresses. Expression analysis (RNA-seq data and quantitative real-time PCR) revealed that several K<sup>+</sup> transport genes were expressed in abiotic stress-responsive manners. The present study provides an in-depth understanding of K<sup>+</sup> transport system genes in <i>C. cajan</i> and serves as a basis for further characterization of these genes.Muhammad Hussnain SiddiqueNaeem Iqbal BabarRoshan ZameerSaima MuzammilNazia NahidUsman IjazAshir MasroorMajid NadeemMuhammad Abdul Rehman RashidAbeer HashemFarrukh AzeemElsayed Fathi Abd_AllahMDPI AGarticle<i>Cajanus cajan</i>potassium transporterschannelsabiotic stressgene expressionphysiochemical analysisBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2238, p 2238 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
<i>Cajanus cajan</i> potassium transporters channels abiotic stress gene expression physiochemical analysis Botany QK1-989 |
| spellingShingle |
<i>Cajanus cajan</i> potassium transporters channels abiotic stress gene expression physiochemical analysis Botany QK1-989 Muhammad Hussnain Siddique Naeem Iqbal Babar Roshan Zameer Saima Muzammil Nazia Nahid Usman Ijaz Ashir Masroor Majid Nadeem Muhammad Abdul Rehman Rashid Abeer Hashem Farrukh Azeem Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah Genome-Wide Identification, Genomic Organization, and Characterization of Potassium Transport-Related Genes in <i>Cajanus cajan</i> and Their Role in Abiotic Stress |
| description |
Potassium is the most important and abundant inorganic cation in plants and it can comprise up to 10% of a plant’s dry weight. Plants possess complex systems of transporters and channels for the transport of K<sup>+</sup> from soil to numerous parts of plants. <i>Cajanus cajan</i> is cultivated in different regions of the world as an economical source of carbohydrates, fiber, proteins, and fodder for animals. In the current study, 39 K<sup>+</sup> transport genes were identified in <i>C. cajan</i>, including 25 K<sup>+</sup> transporters (17 carrier-like K<sup>+</sup> transporters (KUP/HAK/KTs), 2 high-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs), and 6 K<sup>+</sup> efflux transporters (KEAs) and 14 K<sup>+</sup> channels (9 shakers and 5 tandem-pore K<sup>+</sup> channels (TPKs). Chromosomal mapping indicated that these genes were randomly distributed among 10 chromosomes. A comparative phylogenetic analysis including protein sequences from <i>Glycine max, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Medicago truncatula Cicer arietinum,</i> and <i>C. cajan</i> suggested vital conservation of K<sup>+</sup> transport genes. Gene structure analysis showed that the intron/exon organization of K<sup>+</sup> transporter and channel genes is highly conserved in a family-specific manner. In the promoter region, many <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements were identified related to abiotic stress, suggesting their role in abiotic stress response. Abiotic stresses (salt, heat, and drought) adversely affect chlorophyll, carotenoids contents, and total soluble proteins. Furthermore, the activities of catalase, superoxide, and peroxidase were altered in <i>C. cajan</i> leaves under applied stresses. Expression analysis (RNA-seq data and quantitative real-time PCR) revealed that several K<sup>+</sup> transport genes were expressed in abiotic stress-responsive manners. The present study provides an in-depth understanding of K<sup>+</sup> transport system genes in <i>C. cajan</i> and serves as a basis for further characterization of these genes. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Muhammad Hussnain Siddique Naeem Iqbal Babar Roshan Zameer Saima Muzammil Nazia Nahid Usman Ijaz Ashir Masroor Majid Nadeem Muhammad Abdul Rehman Rashid Abeer Hashem Farrukh Azeem Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah |
| author_facet |
Muhammad Hussnain Siddique Naeem Iqbal Babar Roshan Zameer Saima Muzammil Nazia Nahid Usman Ijaz Ashir Masroor Majid Nadeem Muhammad Abdul Rehman Rashid Abeer Hashem Farrukh Azeem Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah |
| author_sort |
Muhammad Hussnain Siddique |
| title |
Genome-Wide Identification, Genomic Organization, and Characterization of Potassium Transport-Related Genes in <i>Cajanus cajan</i> and Their Role in Abiotic Stress |
| title_short |
Genome-Wide Identification, Genomic Organization, and Characterization of Potassium Transport-Related Genes in <i>Cajanus cajan</i> and Their Role in Abiotic Stress |
| title_full |
Genome-Wide Identification, Genomic Organization, and Characterization of Potassium Transport-Related Genes in <i>Cajanus cajan</i> and Their Role in Abiotic Stress |
| title_fullStr |
Genome-Wide Identification, Genomic Organization, and Characterization of Potassium Transport-Related Genes in <i>Cajanus cajan</i> and Their Role in Abiotic Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Genome-Wide Identification, Genomic Organization, and Characterization of Potassium Transport-Related Genes in <i>Cajanus cajan</i> and Their Role in Abiotic Stress |
| title_sort |
genome-wide identification, genomic organization, and characterization of potassium transport-related genes in <i>cajanus cajan</i> and their role in abiotic stress |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/6f1cf2ee951e40f8a9a1dbfc97893e9f |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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