Characterization of CHARK, an unusual cytokinin receptor of rice

Abstract The signal transduction of the plant hormone cytokinin is mediated by a His-to-Asp phosphorelay. The canonical cytokinin receptor consists of an extra cytoplasmic hormone binding domain named cyclase/histidine kinase associated sensory extracellular (CHASE) and cytoplasmic histidine kinase...

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Autores principales:	Mhyeddeen Halawa, Anne Cortleven, Thomas Schmülling, Alexander Heyl
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6f434be14f054732a46a5122e69c9ba8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6f434be14f054732a46a5122e69c9ba82021-12-02T15:23:28ZCharacterization of CHARK, an unusual cytokinin receptor of rice10.1038/s41598-020-80223-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/6f434be14f054732a46a5122e69c9ba82021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80223-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The signal transduction of the plant hormone cytokinin is mediated by a His-to-Asp phosphorelay. The canonical cytokinin receptor consists of an extra cytoplasmic hormone binding domain named cyclase/histidine kinase associated sensory extracellular (CHASE) and cytoplasmic histidine kinase and receiver domains. In addition to classical cytokinin receptors, a different type receptor—named CHASE domain receptor serine/threonine kinase (CHARK)—is also present in rice. It contains the same ligand binding domain as other cytokinin receptors but has a predicted Ser/Thr—instead of a His-kinase domain. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that CHARK is a retrogene and a product of trans-splicing. Here, we analyzed whether CHARK can function as a bona fide cytokinin receptor. A biochemical assay demonstrated its ability to bind cytokinin. Transient expression of CHARK in protoplasts increased their response to cytokinin. Expression of CHARK in an Arabidopsis receptor double mutant complemented its growth defects and restored the ability to activate cytokinin response genes, clearly demonstrating that CHARK functions as a cytokinin receptor. We propose that the CHARK gene presents an evolutionary novelty in the cytokinin signaling system.Mhyeddeen HalawaAnne CortlevenThomas SchmüllingAlexander HeylNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mhyeddeen Halawa Anne Cortleven Thomas Schmülling Alexander Heyl Characterization of CHARK, an unusual cytokinin receptor of rice
description	Abstract The signal transduction of the plant hormone cytokinin is mediated by a His-to-Asp phosphorelay. The canonical cytokinin receptor consists of an extra cytoplasmic hormone binding domain named cyclase/histidine kinase associated sensory extracellular (CHASE) and cytoplasmic histidine kinase and receiver domains. In addition to classical cytokinin receptors, a different type receptor—named CHASE domain receptor serine/threonine kinase (CHARK)—is also present in rice. It contains the same ligand binding domain as other cytokinin receptors but has a predicted Ser/Thr—instead of a His-kinase domain. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that CHARK is a retrogene and a product of trans-splicing. Here, we analyzed whether CHARK can function as a bona fide cytokinin receptor. A biochemical assay demonstrated its ability to bind cytokinin. Transient expression of CHARK in protoplasts increased their response to cytokinin. Expression of CHARK in an Arabidopsis receptor double mutant complemented its growth defects and restored the ability to activate cytokinin response genes, clearly demonstrating that CHARK functions as a cytokinin receptor. We propose that the CHARK gene presents an evolutionary novelty in the cytokinin signaling system.
format	article
author	Mhyeddeen Halawa Anne Cortleven Thomas Schmülling Alexander Heyl
author_facet	Mhyeddeen Halawa Anne Cortleven Thomas Schmülling Alexander Heyl
author_sort	Mhyeddeen Halawa
title	Characterization of CHARK, an unusual cytokinin receptor of rice
title_short	Characterization of CHARK, an unusual cytokinin receptor of rice
title_full	Characterization of CHARK, an unusual cytokinin receptor of rice
title_fullStr	Characterization of CHARK, an unusual cytokinin receptor of rice
title_full_unstemmed	Characterization of CHARK, an unusual cytokinin receptor of rice
title_sort	characterization of chark, an unusual cytokinin receptor of rice
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6f434be14f054732a46a5122e69c9ba8
work_keys_str_mv	AT mhyeddeenhalawa characterizationofcharkanunusualcytokininreceptorofrice AT annecortleven characterizationofcharkanunusualcytokininreceptorofrice AT thomasschmulling characterizationofcharkanunusualcytokininreceptorofrice AT alexanderheyl characterizationofcharkanunusualcytokininreceptorofrice
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Characterization of CHARK, an unusual cytokinin receptor of rice

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