Post-accident evidence basis for new equestrian standards: Relationship between helmet liner residual crush and accident parameters

An in-depth analysis of 216 equestrian helmets involved in real-world accidents, with accompanying laboratory drop-test experiments has focussed on the crushing of energy absorbing liners. The mean measured residual crush (i.e., damage in the form of permanent deformation of helmet liner expressed a...

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Autores principales:	Thomas A. Connor, J. Michio Clark, Matt Stewart, Aisling Ní Annaidh, Michael D. Gilchrist
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Equestrian accident Impact surface Helmet stiffness EPS foam Residual crush Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6f521c0935e54c8bae74d8f6b59691ea
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6f521c0935e54c8bae74d8f6b59691ea2021-12-01T05:06:01ZPost-accident evidence basis for new equestrian standards: Relationship between helmet liner residual crush and accident parameters2666-496810.1016/j.apples.2021.100044https://doaj.org/article/6f521c0935e54c8bae74d8f6b59691ea2021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666496821000108https://doaj.org/toc/2666-4968An in-depth analysis of 216 equestrian helmets involved in real-world accidents, with accompanying laboratory drop-test experiments has focussed on the crushing of energy absorbing liners. The mean measured residual crush (i.e., damage in the form of permanent deformation of helmet liner expressed as a percentage of the local undeformed thickness) was 21.5%. For front, rear and side impacts that occurred against both rigid and soft surfaces, the amount of residual crush varied linearly with impact velocity, peak translational acceleration, and maximum dynamic crush. For all impact locations, the percentage of energy absorbed by the helmet during an impact with a rigid surface is significantly less (between 4% and 20%) than those of both un-helmeted and helmeted headform soft surface impacts. Thus, the amount of helmet residual crush provides important insight into real-world equestrian accidents. This approach provides an evidence basis to improve future certification standards. There is clear scope to improve helmet designs, as helmet performance is clearly not optimised either for impact against soft surfaces or for relatively low velocity impacts. We suggest a peak impact power threshold that would improve equestrian helmet energy absorption for soft surface impacts without altering current standard test methodologies.Thomas A. ConnorJ. Michio ClarkMatt StewartAisling Ní AnnaidhMichael D. GilchristElsevierarticleEquestrian accidentImpact surfaceHelmet stiffnessEPS foamResidual crushEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040ENApplications in Engineering Science, Vol 6, Iss , Pp 100044- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Equestrian accident Impact surface Helmet stiffness EPS foam Residual crush Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040
spellingShingle	Equestrian accident Impact surface Helmet stiffness EPS foam Residual crush Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Thomas A. Connor J. Michio Clark Matt Stewart Aisling Ní Annaidh Michael D. Gilchrist Post-accident evidence basis for new equestrian standards: Relationship between helmet liner residual crush and accident parameters
description	An in-depth analysis of 216 equestrian helmets involved in real-world accidents, with accompanying laboratory drop-test experiments has focussed on the crushing of energy absorbing liners. The mean measured residual crush (i.e., damage in the form of permanent deformation of helmet liner expressed as a percentage of the local undeformed thickness) was 21.5%. For front, rear and side impacts that occurred against both rigid and soft surfaces, the amount of residual crush varied linearly with impact velocity, peak translational acceleration, and maximum dynamic crush. For all impact locations, the percentage of energy absorbed by the helmet during an impact with a rigid surface is significantly less (between 4% and 20%) than those of both un-helmeted and helmeted headform soft surface impacts. Thus, the amount of helmet residual crush provides important insight into real-world equestrian accidents. This approach provides an evidence basis to improve future certification standards. There is clear scope to improve helmet designs, as helmet performance is clearly not optimised either for impact against soft surfaces or for relatively low velocity impacts. We suggest a peak impact power threshold that would improve equestrian helmet energy absorption for soft surface impacts without altering current standard test methodologies.
format	article
author	Thomas A. Connor J. Michio Clark Matt Stewart Aisling Ní Annaidh Michael D. Gilchrist
author_facet	Thomas A. Connor J. Michio Clark Matt Stewart Aisling Ní Annaidh Michael D. Gilchrist
author_sort	Thomas A. Connor
title	Post-accident evidence basis for new equestrian standards: Relationship between helmet liner residual crush and accident parameters
title_short	Post-accident evidence basis for new equestrian standards: Relationship between helmet liner residual crush and accident parameters
title_full	Post-accident evidence basis for new equestrian standards: Relationship between helmet liner residual crush and accident parameters
title_fullStr	Post-accident evidence basis for new equestrian standards: Relationship between helmet liner residual crush and accident parameters
title_full_unstemmed	Post-accident evidence basis for new equestrian standards: Relationship between helmet liner residual crush and accident parameters
title_sort	post-accident evidence basis for new equestrian standards: relationship between helmet liner residual crush and accident parameters
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6f521c0935e54c8bae74d8f6b59691ea
work_keys_str_mv	AT thomasaconnor postaccidentevidencebasisfornewequestrianstandardsrelationshipbetweenhelmetlinerresidualcrushandaccidentparameters AT jmichioclark postaccidentevidencebasisfornewequestrianstandardsrelationshipbetweenhelmetlinerresidualcrushandaccidentparameters AT mattstewart postaccidentevidencebasisfornewequestrianstandardsrelationshipbetweenhelmetlinerresidualcrushandaccidentparameters AT aislingniannaidh postaccidentevidencebasisfornewequestrianstandardsrelationshipbetweenhelmetlinerresidualcrushandaccidentparameters AT michaeldgilchrist postaccidentevidencebasisfornewequestrianstandardsrelationshipbetweenhelmetlinerresidualcrushandaccidentparameters
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Post-accident evidence basis for new equestrian standards: Relationship between helmet liner residual crush and accident parameters

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