Soil Bacterial Communities Exhibit Strong Biogeographic Patterns at Fine Taxonomic Resolution

ABSTRACT Bacteria have been inferred to exhibit relatively weak biogeographic patterns. To what extent such findings reflect true biological phenomena or methodological artifacts remains unclear. Here, we addressed this question by analyzing the turnover of soil bacterial communities from three data...

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Autores principales:	Sean K. Bay, Melodie A. McGeoch, Osnat Gillor, Nimrod Wieler, David J. Palmer, David J. Baker, Steven L. Chown, Chris Greening
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	biogeography desert soil bacteria turnover zeta diversity Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6f8079852c78405387956d96ff7a8bc5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6f8079852c78405387956d96ff7a8bc52021-12-02T18:15:46ZSoil Bacterial Communities Exhibit Strong Biogeographic Patterns at Fine Taxonomic Resolution10.1128/mSystems.00540-202379-5077https://doaj.org/article/6f8079852c78405387956d96ff7a8bc52020-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00540-20https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT Bacteria have been inferred to exhibit relatively weak biogeographic patterns. To what extent such findings reflect true biological phenomena or methodological artifacts remains unclear. Here, we addressed this question by analyzing the turnover of soil bacterial communities from three data sets. We applied three methodological innovations: (i) design of a hierarchical sampling scheme to disentangle environmental from spatial factors driving turnover; (ii) resolution of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence variants to enable higher-resolution community profiling; and (iii) application of the new metric zeta diversity to analyze multisite turnover and drivers. At fine taxonomic resolution, rapid compositional turnover was observed across multiple spatial scales. Turnover was overwhelmingly driven by deterministic processes and influenced by the rare biosphere. The communities also exhibited strong distance decay patterns and taxon-area relationships, with z values within the interquartile range reported for macroorganisms. These biogeographical patterns were weakened upon applying two standard approaches to process community sequencing data: clustering sequences at 97% identity threshold and/or filtering the rare biosphere (sequences lower than 0.05% relative abundance). Comparable findings were made across local, regional, and global data sets and when using shotgun metagenomic markers. Altogether, these findings suggest that bacteria exhibit strong biogeographic patterns, but these signals can be obscured by methodological limitations. We advocate various innovations, including using zeta diversity, to advance the study of microbial biogeography. IMPORTANCE It is commonly thought that bacterial distributions show lower spatial variation than for multicellular organisms. In this article, we present evidence that these inferences are artifacts caused by methodological limitations. Through leveraging innovations in sampling design, sequence processing, and diversity analysis, we provide multifaceted evidence that bacterial communities in fact exhibit strong distribution patterns. This is driven by selection due to factors such as local soil characteristics. Altogether, these findings suggest that the processes underpinning diversity patterns are more unified across all domains of life than previously thought, which has broad implications for the understanding and management of soil biodiversity.Sean K. BayMelodie A. McGeochOsnat GillorNimrod WielerDavid J. PalmerDavid J. BakerSteven L. ChownChris GreeningAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlebiogeographydesertsoil bacteriaturnoverzeta diversityMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 5, Iss 4 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biogeography desert soil bacteria turnover zeta diversity Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	biogeography desert soil bacteria turnover zeta diversity Microbiology QR1-502 Sean K. Bay Melodie A. McGeoch Osnat Gillor Nimrod Wieler David J. Palmer David J. Baker Steven L. Chown Chris Greening Soil Bacterial Communities Exhibit Strong Biogeographic Patterns at Fine Taxonomic Resolution
description	ABSTRACT Bacteria have been inferred to exhibit relatively weak biogeographic patterns. To what extent such findings reflect true biological phenomena or methodological artifacts remains unclear. Here, we addressed this question by analyzing the turnover of soil bacterial communities from three data sets. We applied three methodological innovations: (i) design of a hierarchical sampling scheme to disentangle environmental from spatial factors driving turnover; (ii) resolution of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence variants to enable higher-resolution community profiling; and (iii) application of the new metric zeta diversity to analyze multisite turnover and drivers. At fine taxonomic resolution, rapid compositional turnover was observed across multiple spatial scales. Turnover was overwhelmingly driven by deterministic processes and influenced by the rare biosphere. The communities also exhibited strong distance decay patterns and taxon-area relationships, with z values within the interquartile range reported for macroorganisms. These biogeographical patterns were weakened upon applying two standard approaches to process community sequencing data: clustering sequences at 97% identity threshold and/or filtering the rare biosphere (sequences lower than 0.05% relative abundance). Comparable findings were made across local, regional, and global data sets and when using shotgun metagenomic markers. Altogether, these findings suggest that bacteria exhibit strong biogeographic patterns, but these signals can be obscured by methodological limitations. We advocate various innovations, including using zeta diversity, to advance the study of microbial biogeography. IMPORTANCE It is commonly thought that bacterial distributions show lower spatial variation than for multicellular organisms. In this article, we present evidence that these inferences are artifacts caused by methodological limitations. Through leveraging innovations in sampling design, sequence processing, and diversity analysis, we provide multifaceted evidence that bacterial communities in fact exhibit strong distribution patterns. This is driven by selection due to factors such as local soil characteristics. Altogether, these findings suggest that the processes underpinning diversity patterns are more unified across all domains of life than previously thought, which has broad implications for the understanding and management of soil biodiversity.
format	article
author	Sean K. Bay Melodie A. McGeoch Osnat Gillor Nimrod Wieler David J. Palmer David J. Baker Steven L. Chown Chris Greening
author_facet	Sean K. Bay Melodie A. McGeoch Osnat Gillor Nimrod Wieler David J. Palmer David J. Baker Steven L. Chown Chris Greening
author_sort	Sean K. Bay
title	Soil Bacterial Communities Exhibit Strong Biogeographic Patterns at Fine Taxonomic Resolution
title_short	Soil Bacterial Communities Exhibit Strong Biogeographic Patterns at Fine Taxonomic Resolution
title_full	Soil Bacterial Communities Exhibit Strong Biogeographic Patterns at Fine Taxonomic Resolution
title_fullStr	Soil Bacterial Communities Exhibit Strong Biogeographic Patterns at Fine Taxonomic Resolution
title_full_unstemmed	Soil Bacterial Communities Exhibit Strong Biogeographic Patterns at Fine Taxonomic Resolution
title_sort	soil bacterial communities exhibit strong biogeographic patterns at fine taxonomic resolution
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/6f8079852c78405387956d96ff7a8bc5
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Soil Bacterial Communities Exhibit Strong Biogeographic Patterns at Fine Taxonomic Resolution

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