The microglial activation profile and associated factors after experimental spinal cord injury in rats

Yuan Zhou,1 Ning Li,2 Lin Zhu,3 Yixing Lin,3 Huilin Cheng1 1Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China; 2Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong...

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Autores principales:	Zhou Y, Li N, Zhu L, Lin Y, Cheng H
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	Spinal cord injury Microglia oligodendroglia iron glutamate Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6f9ace99a9ac431f94f304ba11fff9f3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6f9ace99a9ac431f94f304ba11fff9f32021-12-02T04:08:59ZThe microglial activation profile and associated factors after experimental spinal cord injury in rats1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/6f9ace99a9ac431f94f304ba11fff9f32018-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/the-microglial-activation-profile-and-associated-factors-after-experim-peer-reviewed-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Yuan Zhou,1 Ning Li,2 Lin Zhu,3 Yixing Lin,3 Huilin Cheng1 1Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China; 2Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jiangsu, China Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) has imposed a great impact on the quality of life of patients due to its relatively young age of onset. The pathophysiology of SCI has been proven to be complicated. Microglia plays an important role in neuroinflammation and second injuries after SCI. Different environment and other factors may determine the microglial activation profile and what role they play. However, neither accurate time-course profiles of microglial activation nor influence factors have been demonstrated in varied SCI models. Methods: A rat compressive SCI model was used. Microglial activation profile and contents of inflammatory factors including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were detected. Myelination status as well as levels of iron and glutamate concentration, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and potassium are also assessed. Results: Our results showed that the activated microglia participating in immune-mediated responses peaked at day 7 post SCI and gradually decreased during the following 3 weeks. Contrarily, myelination and oligodendroglia showed an opposite trend, indicating that microglia may be a key factor partly through inflammatory reaction. Iron and glutamate concentration were found to be the highest at day 7 after SCI while both ATP and potassium reached a low valley at the same time. Conclusion: These findings showed a microglial activation profile and the alterations of associated factors after experiment SCI model. Moreover, our data suggest that high iron and glutamate concentration may be released by damaged oligodendroglia and contribute to the activation of microglial after SCI. Keywords: spinal cord injury, microglia, oligodendroglia, iron, glutamateZhou YLi NZhu LLin YCheng HDove Medical PressarticleSpinal cord injuryMicrogliaoligodendrogliaironglutamateNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 14, Pp 2401-2413 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Spinal cord injury Microglia oligodendroglia iron glutamate Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	Spinal cord injury Microglia oligodendroglia iron glutamate Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Zhou Y Li N Zhu L Lin Y Cheng H The microglial activation profile and associated factors after experimental spinal cord injury in rats
description	Yuan Zhou,1 Ning Li,2 Lin Zhu,3 Yixing Lin,3 Huilin Cheng1 1Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China; 2Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jiangsu, China Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) has imposed a great impact on the quality of life of patients due to its relatively young age of onset. The pathophysiology of SCI has been proven to be complicated. Microglia plays an important role in neuroinflammation and second injuries after SCI. Different environment and other factors may determine the microglial activation profile and what role they play. However, neither accurate time-course profiles of microglial activation nor influence factors have been demonstrated in varied SCI models. Methods: A rat compressive SCI model was used. Microglial activation profile and contents of inflammatory factors including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were detected. Myelination status as well as levels of iron and glutamate concentration, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and potassium are also assessed. Results: Our results showed that the activated microglia participating in immune-mediated responses peaked at day 7 post SCI and gradually decreased during the following 3 weeks. Contrarily, myelination and oligodendroglia showed an opposite trend, indicating that microglia may be a key factor partly through inflammatory reaction. Iron and glutamate concentration were found to be the highest at day 7 after SCI while both ATP and potassium reached a low valley at the same time. Conclusion: These findings showed a microglial activation profile and the alterations of associated factors after experiment SCI model. Moreover, our data suggest that high iron and glutamate concentration may be released by damaged oligodendroglia and contribute to the activation of microglial after SCI. Keywords: spinal cord injury, microglia, oligodendroglia, iron, glutamate
format	article
author	Zhou Y Li N Zhu L Lin Y Cheng H
author_facet	Zhou Y Li N Zhu L Lin Y Cheng H
author_sort	Zhou Y
title	The microglial activation profile and associated factors after experimental spinal cord injury in rats
title_short	The microglial activation profile and associated factors after experimental spinal cord injury in rats
title_full	The microglial activation profile and associated factors after experimental spinal cord injury in rats
title_fullStr	The microglial activation profile and associated factors after experimental spinal cord injury in rats
title_full_unstemmed	The microglial activation profile and associated factors after experimental spinal cord injury in rats
title_sort	microglial activation profile and associated factors after experimental spinal cord injury in rats
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/6f9ace99a9ac431f94f304ba11fff9f3
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_version_	1718401435176009728

The microglial activation profile and associated factors after experimental spinal cord injury in rats

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