Loading Amlodipine on Diamond Nanoparticles: A Novel Drug Delivery System

Shawqi H Alawdi,1,2 Housam Eidi,3 Marwa M Safar,4,5 Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab6 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen; 2Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, Sana’a, Yemen; 3De...

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Autores principales:	Alawdi SH, Eidi H, Safar MM, Abdel-Wahhab MA
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	diamond nanoparticles nanodiamond amlodipine calcium channel antagonists drug delivery system blood brain barrier excitotoxicity. Medical technology R855-855.5 Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6fa2db63f4184ff88462c1d2f215ddda
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6fa2db63f4184ff88462c1d2f215ddda2021-12-02T05:28:13ZLoading Amlodipine on Diamond Nanoparticles: A Novel Drug Delivery System1177-8903https://doaj.org/article/6fa2db63f4184ff88462c1d2f215ddda2020-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/loading-amlodipine-on-diamond-nanoparticles-a-novel-drug-delivery-syst-peer-reviewed-article-NSAhttps://doaj.org/toc/1177-8903Shawqi H Alawdi,1,2 Housam Eidi,3 Marwa M Safar,4,5 Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab6 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen; 2Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, Sana’a, Yemen; 3Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; 4Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; 5Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El Shorouk, Egypt; 6Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminants, National Research Center, Cairo, EgyptCorrespondence: Shawqi H AlawdiDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Thamar University, Sana’a Street, Dhamar, YemenTel +967-777498977Email shawqialawdi@yahoo.comBackground: Diamond nanoparticles (Nanodiamond) are biocompatible drug delivery platforms with outstanding surface properties. Their passage into the brain has been confirmed previously. Thus, nanodiamond could provide a drug delivery system to shuttle several drugs through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which represents a real challenge for the effective delivery of several drugs into the brain. Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker that cannot pass through BBB and may elicit neuroprotective effects to reverse calcium-induced excitotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction that underlie several neurologic disorders including Alzheimer’s disease and stroke.Aim: The study aimed to investigate the loading of amlodipine on nanodiamond particles.Methods: Nanodiamond particles were oxidized in a strong oxidizing acidic mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids. Adsorption of amlodipine on nanodiamond particles was achieved in alkaline pH using various concentrations of sodium hydroxide. The loaded amlodipine was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Results: The highest percentage (41%) of loaded amlodipine onto nanodiamond particles was achieved in alkaline medium using 2 mM NaOH at a corresponding pH of 8.5. Also, characteristic FTIR bands of amlodipine and nanodiamond were shown obviously in the nanodiamond–amlodipine conjugates. Moreover, the successful loading of amlodipine on diamond nanoparticles was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy.Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the successful loading of amlodipine onto nanodiamond particles. These findings offer a potential for applying diamond nanoparticles as a drug delivery system to shuttle amlodipine into the brain and open the door to deliver other similar drugs into the brain.Keywords: diamond nanoparticles, nanodiamond, amlodipine, calcium channel antagonists, drug delivery system, blood-brain barrier, excitotoxicityAlawdi SHEidi HSafar MMAbdel-Wahhab MADove Medical Pressarticlediamond nanoparticlesnanodiamondamlodipinecalcium channel antagonistsdrug delivery systemblood brain barrierexcitotoxicity.Medical technologyR855-855.5Chemical technologyTP1-1185ENNanotechnology, Science and Applications, Vol Volume 12, Pp 47-53 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	diamond nanoparticles nanodiamond amlodipine calcium channel antagonists drug delivery system blood brain barrier excitotoxicity. Medical technology R855-855.5 Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	diamond nanoparticles nanodiamond amlodipine calcium channel antagonists drug delivery system blood brain barrier excitotoxicity. Medical technology R855-855.5 Chemical technology TP1-1185 Alawdi SH Eidi H Safar MM Abdel-Wahhab MA Loading Amlodipine on Diamond Nanoparticles: A Novel Drug Delivery System
description	Shawqi H Alawdi,1,2 Housam Eidi,3 Marwa M Safar,4,5 Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab6 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen; 2Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, Sana’a, Yemen; 3Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; 4Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; 5Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El Shorouk, Egypt; 6Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminants, National Research Center, Cairo, EgyptCorrespondence: Shawqi H AlawdiDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Thamar University, Sana’a Street, Dhamar, YemenTel +967-777498977Email shawqialawdi@yahoo.comBackground: Diamond nanoparticles (Nanodiamond) are biocompatible drug delivery platforms with outstanding surface properties. Their passage into the brain has been confirmed previously. Thus, nanodiamond could provide a drug delivery system to shuttle several drugs through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which represents a real challenge for the effective delivery of several drugs into the brain. Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker that cannot pass through BBB and may elicit neuroprotective effects to reverse calcium-induced excitotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction that underlie several neurologic disorders including Alzheimer’s disease and stroke.Aim: The study aimed to investigate the loading of amlodipine on nanodiamond particles.Methods: Nanodiamond particles were oxidized in a strong oxidizing acidic mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids. Adsorption of amlodipine on nanodiamond particles was achieved in alkaline pH using various concentrations of sodium hydroxide. The loaded amlodipine was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Results: The highest percentage (41%) of loaded amlodipine onto nanodiamond particles was achieved in alkaline medium using 2 mM NaOH at a corresponding pH of 8.5. Also, characteristic FTIR bands of amlodipine and nanodiamond were shown obviously in the nanodiamond–amlodipine conjugates. Moreover, the successful loading of amlodipine on diamond nanoparticles was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy.Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the successful loading of amlodipine onto nanodiamond particles. These findings offer a potential for applying diamond nanoparticles as a drug delivery system to shuttle amlodipine into the brain and open the door to deliver other similar drugs into the brain.Keywords: diamond nanoparticles, nanodiamond, amlodipine, calcium channel antagonists, drug delivery system, blood-brain barrier, excitotoxicity
format	article
author	Alawdi SH Eidi H Safar MM Abdel-Wahhab MA
author_facet	Alawdi SH Eidi H Safar MM Abdel-Wahhab MA
author_sort	Alawdi SH
title	Loading Amlodipine on Diamond Nanoparticles: A Novel Drug Delivery System
title_short	Loading Amlodipine on Diamond Nanoparticles: A Novel Drug Delivery System
title_full	Loading Amlodipine on Diamond Nanoparticles: A Novel Drug Delivery System
title_fullStr	Loading Amlodipine on Diamond Nanoparticles: A Novel Drug Delivery System
title_full_unstemmed	Loading Amlodipine on Diamond Nanoparticles: A Novel Drug Delivery System
title_sort	loading amlodipine on diamond nanoparticles: a novel drug delivery system
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/6fa2db63f4184ff88462c1d2f215ddda
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Loading Amlodipine on Diamond Nanoparticles: A Novel Drug Delivery System

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