<named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Early Colonization of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Arabidopsis thaliana</named-content> Roots Involves Multiple Chemotaxis Receptors

ABSTRACT Colonization of plant roots by Bacillus subtilis is mutually beneficial to plants and bacteria. Plants can secrete up to 30% of their fixed carbon via root exudates, thereby feeding the bacteria, and in return the associated B. subtilis bacteria provide the plant with many growth-promoting...

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Autores principales:	Rosalie Allard-Massicotte, Laurence Tessier, Frédéric Lécuyer, Venkatachalam Lakshmanan, Jean-François Lucier, Daniel Garneau, Larissa Caudwell, Hera Vlamakis, Harsh P. Bais, Pascale B. Beauregard
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2016
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6fbd0e1bc3c14240bb40dded045cc87c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6fbd0e1bc3c14240bb40dded045cc87c2021-11-15T15:50:16Z<named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Early Colonization of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Arabidopsis thaliana</named-content> Roots Involves Multiple Chemotaxis Receptors10.1128/mBio.01664-162150-7511https://doaj.org/article/6fbd0e1bc3c14240bb40dded045cc87c2016-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01664-16https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Colonization of plant roots by Bacillus subtilis is mutually beneficial to plants and bacteria. Plants can secrete up to 30% of their fixed carbon via root exudates, thereby feeding the bacteria, and in return the associated B. subtilis bacteria provide the plant with many growth-promoting traits. Formation of a biofilm on the root by matrix-producing B. subtilis is a well-established requirement for long-term colonization. However, we observed that cells start forming a biofilm only several hours after motile cells first settle on the plant. We also found that intact chemotaxis machinery is required for early root colonization by B. subtilis and for plant protection. Arabidopsis thaliana root exudates attract B. subtilis in vitro, an activity mediated by the two characterized chemoreceptors, McpB and McpC, as well as by the orphan receptor TlpC. Nonetheless, bacteria lacking these chemoreceptors are still able to colonize the root, suggesting that other chemoreceptors might also play a role in this process. These observations suggest that A. thaliana actively recruits B. subtilis through root-secreted molecules, and our results stress the important roles of B. subtilis chemoreceptors for efficient colonization of plants in natural environments. These results demonstrate a remarkable strategy adapted by beneficial rhizobacteria to utilize carbon-rich root exudates, which may facilitate rhizobacterial colonization and a mutualistic association with the host. IMPORTANCE Bacillus subtilis is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that establishes robust interactions with roots. Many studies have now demonstrated that biofilm formation is required for long-term colonization. However, we observed that motile B. subtilis mediates the first contact with the roots. These cells differentiate into biofilm-producing cells only several hours after the bacteria first contact the root. Our study reveals that intact chemotaxis machinery is required for the bacteria to reach the root. Many, if not all, of the B. subtilis 10 chemoreceptors are involved in the interaction with the plant. These observations stress the importance of root-bacterium interactions in the B. subtilis lifestyle.Rosalie Allard-MassicotteLaurence TessierFrédéric LécuyerVenkatachalam LakshmananJean-François LucierDaniel GarneauLarissa CaudwellHera VlamakisHarsh P. BaisPascale B. BeauregardAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 7, Iss 6 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Rosalie Allard-Massicotte Laurence Tessier Frédéric Lécuyer Venkatachalam Lakshmanan Jean-François Lucier Daniel Garneau Larissa Caudwell Hera Vlamakis Harsh P. Bais Pascale B. Beauregard <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Early Colonization of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Arabidopsis thaliana</named-content> Roots Involves Multiple Chemotaxis Receptors
description	ABSTRACT Colonization of plant roots by Bacillus subtilis is mutually beneficial to plants and bacteria. Plants can secrete up to 30% of their fixed carbon via root exudates, thereby feeding the bacteria, and in return the associated B. subtilis bacteria provide the plant with many growth-promoting traits. Formation of a biofilm on the root by matrix-producing B. subtilis is a well-established requirement for long-term colonization. However, we observed that cells start forming a biofilm only several hours after motile cells first settle on the plant. We also found that intact chemotaxis machinery is required for early root colonization by B. subtilis and for plant protection. Arabidopsis thaliana root exudates attract B. subtilis in vitro, an activity mediated by the two characterized chemoreceptors, McpB and McpC, as well as by the orphan receptor TlpC. Nonetheless, bacteria lacking these chemoreceptors are still able to colonize the root, suggesting that other chemoreceptors might also play a role in this process. These observations suggest that A. thaliana actively recruits B. subtilis through root-secreted molecules, and our results stress the important roles of B. subtilis chemoreceptors for efficient colonization of plants in natural environments. These results demonstrate a remarkable strategy adapted by beneficial rhizobacteria to utilize carbon-rich root exudates, which may facilitate rhizobacterial colonization and a mutualistic association with the host. IMPORTANCE Bacillus subtilis is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that establishes robust interactions with roots. Many studies have now demonstrated that biofilm formation is required for long-term colonization. However, we observed that motile B. subtilis mediates the first contact with the roots. These cells differentiate into biofilm-producing cells only several hours after the bacteria first contact the root. Our study reveals that intact chemotaxis machinery is required for the bacteria to reach the root. Many, if not all, of the B. subtilis 10 chemoreceptors are involved in the interaction with the plant. These observations stress the importance of root-bacterium interactions in the B. subtilis lifestyle.
format	article
author	Rosalie Allard-Massicotte Laurence Tessier Frédéric Lécuyer Venkatachalam Lakshmanan Jean-François Lucier Daniel Garneau Larissa Caudwell Hera Vlamakis Harsh P. Bais Pascale B. Beauregard
author_facet	Rosalie Allard-Massicotte Laurence Tessier Frédéric Lécuyer Venkatachalam Lakshmanan Jean-François Lucier Daniel Garneau Larissa Caudwell Hera Vlamakis Harsh P. Bais Pascale B. Beauregard
author_sort	Rosalie Allard-Massicotte
title	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Early Colonization of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Arabidopsis thaliana</named-content> Roots Involves Multiple Chemotaxis Receptors
title_short	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Early Colonization of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Arabidopsis thaliana</named-content> Roots Involves Multiple Chemotaxis Receptors
title_full	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Early Colonization of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Arabidopsis thaliana</named-content> Roots Involves Multiple Chemotaxis Receptors
title_fullStr	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Early Colonization of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Arabidopsis thaliana</named-content> Roots Involves Multiple Chemotaxis Receptors
title_full_unstemmed	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Early Colonization of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Arabidopsis thaliana</named-content> Roots Involves Multiple Chemotaxis Receptors
title_sort	<named-content content-type="genus-species">bacillus subtilis</named-content> early colonization of <named-content content-type="genus-species">arabidopsis thaliana</named-content> roots involves multiple chemotaxis receptors
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/6fbd0e1bc3c14240bb40dded045cc87c
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<named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Early Colonization of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Arabidopsis thaliana</named-content> Roots Involves Multiple Chemotaxis Receptors

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