Preschool children's behavioral tendency toward social indirect reciprocity.

Social indirect reciprocity seems to be crucial in enabling large-scale cooperative networks among genetically unrelated individuals in humans. However, there are relatively few studies on social indirect reciprocity in children compared to adults. Investigating whether young children have a behavio...

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Autores principales:	Mayuko Kato-Shimizu, Kenji Onishi, Tadahiro Kanazawa, Toshihiko Hinobayashi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6fbe5354c97b4e2dad78adacf36c3401
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6fbe5354c97b4e2dad78adacf36c34012021-11-18T09:00:45ZPreschool children's behavioral tendency toward social indirect reciprocity.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0070915https://doaj.org/article/6fbe5354c97b4e2dad78adacf36c34012013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23951040/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Social indirect reciprocity seems to be crucial in enabling large-scale cooperative networks among genetically unrelated individuals in humans. However, there are relatively few studies on social indirect reciprocity in children compared to adults. Investigating whether young children have a behavioral tendency toward social indirect reciprocity will help us understand how and when the fundamental ability to form cooperative relationships among adults is acquired. Using naturalistic observation at a nursery school, this study examined whether 5- to 6-year-olds show a behavioral tendency to engage in social indirect reciprocity in response to their peers' prosocial behavior toward a third party. The results revealed that bystander children tended to display prosocial behavior toward their peers more frequently after observing these peers' prosocial behavior toward third-party peers, compared with control situations; this suggests that 5- to 6-year-olds may have an essential behavioral tendency to establish social indirect reciprocity when interacting with peers in their daily lives. In addition, bystanders tended to display affiliative behavior after observing focal children's prosocial behavior. In other words, observing peers' prosocial behavior toward third-party peers evoked bystanders' positive emotions toward the helpers. Considering both the present results and previous findings, we speculate that in preschoolers, such positive emotions might mediate the increase in the bystander's prosocial behavior toward the helper. In addition, an intuitional emotional process plays an important role in the preschooler's behavioral tendency toward social indirect reciprocity in natural interactions with peers.Mayuko Kato-ShimizuKenji OnishiTadahiro KanazawaToshihiko HinobayashiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 8, p e70915 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mayuko Kato-Shimizu Kenji Onishi Tadahiro Kanazawa Toshihiko Hinobayashi Preschool children's behavioral tendency toward social indirect reciprocity.
description	Social indirect reciprocity seems to be crucial in enabling large-scale cooperative networks among genetically unrelated individuals in humans. However, there are relatively few studies on social indirect reciprocity in children compared to adults. Investigating whether young children have a behavioral tendency toward social indirect reciprocity will help us understand how and when the fundamental ability to form cooperative relationships among adults is acquired. Using naturalistic observation at a nursery school, this study examined whether 5- to 6-year-olds show a behavioral tendency to engage in social indirect reciprocity in response to their peers' prosocial behavior toward a third party. The results revealed that bystander children tended to display prosocial behavior toward their peers more frequently after observing these peers' prosocial behavior toward third-party peers, compared with control situations; this suggests that 5- to 6-year-olds may have an essential behavioral tendency to establish social indirect reciprocity when interacting with peers in their daily lives. In addition, bystanders tended to display affiliative behavior after observing focal children's prosocial behavior. In other words, observing peers' prosocial behavior toward third-party peers evoked bystanders' positive emotions toward the helpers. Considering both the present results and previous findings, we speculate that in preschoolers, such positive emotions might mediate the increase in the bystander's prosocial behavior toward the helper. In addition, an intuitional emotional process plays an important role in the preschooler's behavioral tendency toward social indirect reciprocity in natural interactions with peers.
format	article
author	Mayuko Kato-Shimizu Kenji Onishi Tadahiro Kanazawa Toshihiko Hinobayashi
author_facet	Mayuko Kato-Shimizu Kenji Onishi Tadahiro Kanazawa Toshihiko Hinobayashi
author_sort	Mayuko Kato-Shimizu
title	Preschool children's behavioral tendency toward social indirect reciprocity.
title_short	Preschool children's behavioral tendency toward social indirect reciprocity.
title_full	Preschool children's behavioral tendency toward social indirect reciprocity.
title_fullStr	Preschool children's behavioral tendency toward social indirect reciprocity.
title_full_unstemmed	Preschool children's behavioral tendency toward social indirect reciprocity.
title_sort	preschool children's behavioral tendency toward social indirect reciprocity.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/6fbe5354c97b4e2dad78adacf36c3401
work_keys_str_mv	AT mayukokatoshimizu preschoolchildrensbehavioraltendencytowardsocialindirectreciprocity AT kenjionishi preschoolchildrensbehavioraltendencytowardsocialindirectreciprocity AT tadahirokanazawa preschoolchildrensbehavioraltendencytowardsocialindirectreciprocity AT toshihikohinobayashi preschoolchildrensbehavioraltendencytowardsocialindirectreciprocity
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Preschool children's behavioral tendency toward social indirect reciprocity.

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