Effects of dose de‐escalation following testosterone treatment and evoked resistance exercise on body composition, metabolic profile, and neuromuscular parameters in persons with spinal cord injury

Abstract The dose de‐escalation (DD) effects of testosterone and evoked resistance training (RT) on body composition, cardiometabolic, and neuromuscular variables were investigated. Thirteen men with chronic complete spinal cord injury (SCI) were followed for additional 16 weeks after receiving eith...

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Autores principales:	Ashraf S. Gorgey, Refka E. Khalil, Ranjodh Gill, Rehan Khan, Robert A. Adler
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	basal metabolic rate body composition dose de‐escalation NMES glucose effectiveness inflammatory and anabolic biomarkers resistance training Physiology QP1-981
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6fc6602f960f4e31afcbd9581330ea32
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6fc6602f960f4e31afcbd9581330ea322021-11-15T09:54:40ZEffects of dose de‐escalation following testosterone treatment and evoked resistance exercise on body composition, metabolic profile, and neuromuscular parameters in persons with spinal cord injury2051-817X10.14814/phy2.15089https://doaj.org/article/6fc6602f960f4e31afcbd9581330ea322021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.15089https://doaj.org/toc/2051-817XAbstract The dose de‐escalation (DD) effects of testosterone and evoked resistance training (RT) on body composition, cardiometabolic, and neuromuscular variables were investigated. Thirteen men with chronic complete spinal cord injury (SCI) were followed for additional 16 weeks after receiving either testosterone treatment only (TT) or TT+RT. During the 16‐week DD period, the TT+RT group underwent a program of once weekly electrical stimulation with gradually decreasing ankle weights and testosterone patches of 2 mg day−1 (TT+RT group). The TT only group did not receive any intervention throughout the detraining period (no‐TT group). Body composition was tested using anthropometrics, dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and magnetic resonance imaging. After an overnight fast, basal metabolic rate (BMR), lipid panel, serum testosterone, inflammatory biomarkers, glucose effectiveness, and insulin sensitivity were measured. Finally, peak isometric and isokinetic torques were measured only in the TT+RT group. All measurements were conducted at the beginning and at the end of DD. Absolute thigh muscle cross‐sectional areas (CSAs) demonstrated interaction effects (p < 0.05) between the TT+RT (−8.15%, −6.5%) and no‐TT (2.3%, 4.4%) groups. Similarly, absolute knee extensor muscle CSA demonstrated interaction effects (p < 0.05) between the TT+RT (−11%, −7.0%) and no‐TT (2.6%, 3.8%) groups. There was a trend (p = 0.07) of increasing visceral adipose tissue (VAT) CSAs in the TT+RT (18%) and in the no‐TT (16% cm2) groups. There was an interaction (p = 0.005) between TT+RT (decreased by 3.7%) and no‐TT groups (increased by 9.0%) in BMR. No interactions were evident between groups over time for biomarkers related to carbohydrate, lipid metabolism, or inflammation. Finally, there were no changes (p > 0.05) in peak isometric or isokinetic torques and rise time following 16 weeks of the DD period in the TT+RT group. TT+RT during 16 weeks of DD was minimally effective at preventing detraining relative to no‐TT on muscle size, BMR, and VAT. However, neuromuscular gains were successfully maintained.Ashraf S. GorgeyRefka E. KhalilRanjodh GillRehan KhanRobert A. AdlerWileyarticlebasal metabolic ratebody compositiondose de‐escalation NMESglucose effectivenessinflammatory and anabolic biomarkersresistance trainingPhysiologyQP1-981ENPhysiological Reports, Vol 9, Iss 21, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	basal metabolic rate body composition dose de‐escalation NMES glucose effectiveness inflammatory and anabolic biomarkers resistance training Physiology QP1-981
spellingShingle	basal metabolic rate body composition dose de‐escalation NMES glucose effectiveness inflammatory and anabolic biomarkers resistance training Physiology QP1-981 Ashraf S. Gorgey Refka E. Khalil Ranjodh Gill Rehan Khan Robert A. Adler Effects of dose de‐escalation following testosterone treatment and evoked resistance exercise on body composition, metabolic profile, and neuromuscular parameters in persons with spinal cord injury
description	Abstract The dose de‐escalation (DD) effects of testosterone and evoked resistance training (RT) on body composition, cardiometabolic, and neuromuscular variables were investigated. Thirteen men with chronic complete spinal cord injury (SCI) were followed for additional 16 weeks after receiving either testosterone treatment only (TT) or TT+RT. During the 16‐week DD period, the TT+RT group underwent a program of once weekly electrical stimulation with gradually decreasing ankle weights and testosterone patches of 2 mg day−1 (TT+RT group). The TT only group did not receive any intervention throughout the detraining period (no‐TT group). Body composition was tested using anthropometrics, dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and magnetic resonance imaging. After an overnight fast, basal metabolic rate (BMR), lipid panel, serum testosterone, inflammatory biomarkers, glucose effectiveness, and insulin sensitivity were measured. Finally, peak isometric and isokinetic torques were measured only in the TT+RT group. All measurements were conducted at the beginning and at the end of DD. Absolute thigh muscle cross‐sectional areas (CSAs) demonstrated interaction effects (p < 0.05) between the TT+RT (−8.15%, −6.5%) and no‐TT (2.3%, 4.4%) groups. Similarly, absolute knee extensor muscle CSA demonstrated interaction effects (p < 0.05) between the TT+RT (−11%, −7.0%) and no‐TT (2.6%, 3.8%) groups. There was a trend (p = 0.07) of increasing visceral adipose tissue (VAT) CSAs in the TT+RT (18%) and in the no‐TT (16% cm2) groups. There was an interaction (p = 0.005) between TT+RT (decreased by 3.7%) and no‐TT groups (increased by 9.0%) in BMR. No interactions were evident between groups over time for biomarkers related to carbohydrate, lipid metabolism, or inflammation. Finally, there were no changes (p > 0.05) in peak isometric or isokinetic torques and rise time following 16 weeks of the DD period in the TT+RT group. TT+RT during 16 weeks of DD was minimally effective at preventing detraining relative to no‐TT on muscle size, BMR, and VAT. However, neuromuscular gains were successfully maintained.
format	article
author	Ashraf S. Gorgey Refka E. Khalil Ranjodh Gill Rehan Khan Robert A. Adler
author_facet	Ashraf S. Gorgey Refka E. Khalil Ranjodh Gill Rehan Khan Robert A. Adler
author_sort	Ashraf S. Gorgey
title	Effects of dose de‐escalation following testosterone treatment and evoked resistance exercise on body composition, metabolic profile, and neuromuscular parameters in persons with spinal cord injury
title_short	Effects of dose de‐escalation following testosterone treatment and evoked resistance exercise on body composition, metabolic profile, and neuromuscular parameters in persons with spinal cord injury
title_full	Effects of dose de‐escalation following testosterone treatment and evoked resistance exercise on body composition, metabolic profile, and neuromuscular parameters in persons with spinal cord injury
title_fullStr	Effects of dose de‐escalation following testosterone treatment and evoked resistance exercise on body composition, metabolic profile, and neuromuscular parameters in persons with spinal cord injury
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of dose de‐escalation following testosterone treatment and evoked resistance exercise on body composition, metabolic profile, and neuromuscular parameters in persons with spinal cord injury
title_sort	effects of dose de‐escalation following testosterone treatment and evoked resistance exercise on body composition, metabolic profile, and neuromuscular parameters in persons with spinal cord injury
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6fc6602f960f4e31afcbd9581330ea32
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Effects of dose de‐escalation following testosterone treatment and evoked resistance exercise on body composition, metabolic profile, and neuromuscular parameters in persons with spinal cord injury

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