Long-term survival and dialysis dependency following acute kidney injury in intensive care: extended follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.
<h4>Background</h4>The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasing globally and it is much more common than end-stage kidney disease. AKI is associated with high mortality and cost of hospitalisation. Studies of treatments to reduce this high mortality have used differing renal...
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oai:doaj.org-article:6fe227d585b4450c8813a3161321470c2021-11-18T05:42:58ZLong-term survival and dialysis dependency following acute kidney injury in intensive care: extended follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.1549-12771549-167610.1371/journal.pmed.1001601https://doaj.org/article/6fe227d585b4450c8813a3161321470c2014-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24523666/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1549-1277https://doaj.org/toc/1549-1676<h4>Background</h4>The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasing globally and it is much more common than end-stage kidney disease. AKI is associated with high mortality and cost of hospitalisation. Studies of treatments to reduce this high mortality have used differing renal replacement therapy (RRT) modalities and have not shown improvement in the short term. The reported long-term outcomes of AKI are variable and the effect of differing RRT modalities upon them is not clear. We used the prolonged follow-up of a large clinical trial to prospectively examine the long-term outcomes and effect of RRT dosing in patients with AKI.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We extended the follow-up of participants in the Randomised Evaluation of Normal vs. Augmented Levels of RRT (RENAL) study from 90 days to 4 years after randomization. Primary and secondary outcomes were mortality and requirement for maintenance dialysis, respectively, assessed in 1,464 (97%) patients at a median of 43.9 months (interquartile range [IQR] 30.0-48.6 months) post randomization. A total of 468/743 (63%) and 444/721 (62%) patients died in the lower and higher intensity groups, respectively (risk ratio [RR] 1.04, 95% CI 0.96-1.12, p = 0.49). Amongst survivors to day 90, 21 of 411 (5.1%) and 23 of 399 (5.8%) in the respective groups were treated with maintenance dialysis (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.63-2.00, p = 0.69). The prevalence of albuminuria among survivors was 40% and 44%, respectively (p = 0.48). Quality of life was not different between the two treatment groups. The generalizability of these findings to other populations with AKI requires further exploration.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Patients with AKI requiring RRT in intensive care have high long-term mortality but few require maintenance dialysis. Long-term survivors have a heavy burden of proteinuria. Increased intensity of RRT does not reduce mortality or subsequent treatment with dialysis.<h4>Trial registration</h4>www.ClinicalTrials.govNCT00221013.Martin GallagherAlan CassRinaldo BellomoSimon FinferDavid GattasJoanne LeeSerigne LoShay McGuinnessJohn MyburghRachael ParkeDorrilyn RajbhandariPOST-RENAL Study Investigators and the ANZICS Clinical Trials GroupPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRENPLoS Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 2, p e1001601 (2014) |
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Medicine R |
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Medicine R Martin Gallagher Alan Cass Rinaldo Bellomo Simon Finfer David Gattas Joanne Lee Serigne Lo Shay McGuinness John Myburgh Rachael Parke Dorrilyn Rajbhandari POST-RENAL Study Investigators and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group Long-term survival and dialysis dependency following acute kidney injury in intensive care: extended follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. |
| description |
<h4>Background</h4>The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasing globally and it is much more common than end-stage kidney disease. AKI is associated with high mortality and cost of hospitalisation. Studies of treatments to reduce this high mortality have used differing renal replacement therapy (RRT) modalities and have not shown improvement in the short term. The reported long-term outcomes of AKI are variable and the effect of differing RRT modalities upon them is not clear. We used the prolonged follow-up of a large clinical trial to prospectively examine the long-term outcomes and effect of RRT dosing in patients with AKI.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We extended the follow-up of participants in the Randomised Evaluation of Normal vs. Augmented Levels of RRT (RENAL) study from 90 days to 4 years after randomization. Primary and secondary outcomes were mortality and requirement for maintenance dialysis, respectively, assessed in 1,464 (97%) patients at a median of 43.9 months (interquartile range [IQR] 30.0-48.6 months) post randomization. A total of 468/743 (63%) and 444/721 (62%) patients died in the lower and higher intensity groups, respectively (risk ratio [RR] 1.04, 95% CI 0.96-1.12, p = 0.49). Amongst survivors to day 90, 21 of 411 (5.1%) and 23 of 399 (5.8%) in the respective groups were treated with maintenance dialysis (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.63-2.00, p = 0.69). The prevalence of albuminuria among survivors was 40% and 44%, respectively (p = 0.48). Quality of life was not different between the two treatment groups. The generalizability of these findings to other populations with AKI requires further exploration.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Patients with AKI requiring RRT in intensive care have high long-term mortality but few require maintenance dialysis. Long-term survivors have a heavy burden of proteinuria. Increased intensity of RRT does not reduce mortality or subsequent treatment with dialysis.<h4>Trial registration</h4>www.ClinicalTrials.govNCT00221013. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Martin Gallagher Alan Cass Rinaldo Bellomo Simon Finfer David Gattas Joanne Lee Serigne Lo Shay McGuinness John Myburgh Rachael Parke Dorrilyn Rajbhandari POST-RENAL Study Investigators and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group |
| author_facet |
Martin Gallagher Alan Cass Rinaldo Bellomo Simon Finfer David Gattas Joanne Lee Serigne Lo Shay McGuinness John Myburgh Rachael Parke Dorrilyn Rajbhandari POST-RENAL Study Investigators and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group |
| author_sort |
Martin Gallagher |
| title |
Long-term survival and dialysis dependency following acute kidney injury in intensive care: extended follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. |
| title_short |
Long-term survival and dialysis dependency following acute kidney injury in intensive care: extended follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. |
| title_full |
Long-term survival and dialysis dependency following acute kidney injury in intensive care: extended follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. |
| title_fullStr |
Long-term survival and dialysis dependency following acute kidney injury in intensive care: extended follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Long-term survival and dialysis dependency following acute kidney injury in intensive care: extended follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. |
| title_sort |
long-term survival and dialysis dependency following acute kidney injury in intensive care: extended follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/6fe227d585b4450c8813a3161321470c |
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