Stress, depression, sleep problems and unmet social needs: Baseline characteristics of low-income smokers in a randomized cessation trial

Background: Low-income Americans smoke cigarettes at higher rates and quit less than other groups. Methods: To increase their engagement in and success using evidence-based cessation methods, we tested two interventions using a 2x2 randomized factorial design: (1) telephone navigation to reduce fina...

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Autores principales:	Rachel Garg, Amy McQueen, Christina Roberts, Taylor Butler, Lauren M. Grimes, Tess Thompson, Charlene Caburnay, Jennifer Wolff, Irum Javed, Kelly M. Carpenter, Jordyn G. Wartts, Cindy Charles, Valerie Howard, Matthew W. Kreuter
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Tobacco cessation Social needs Randomized controlled trial Tobacco quit lines Health disparities Minority health Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6ff7053966064b93a6d59c4b3c4c9198
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6ff7053966064b93a6d59c4b3c4c91982021-11-22T04:27:59ZStress, depression, sleep problems and unmet social needs: Baseline characteristics of low-income smokers in a randomized cessation trial2451-865410.1016/j.conctc.2021.100857https://doaj.org/article/6ff7053966064b93a6d59c4b3c4c91982021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451865421001575https://doaj.org/toc/2451-8654Background: Low-income Americans smoke cigarettes at higher rates and quit less than other groups. Methods: To increase their engagement in and success using evidence-based cessation methods, we tested two interventions using a 2x2 randomized factorial design: (1) telephone navigation to reduce financial strain and address social needs such as food, rent and utility payment; and (2) a specialized tobacco quitline designed for low-income smokers. From June 2017 to November 2020, we enrolled 1,944 low-income smokers in Missouri, USA, recruited through the Missouri 2-1-1 helpline, into the trial. This paper describes recruitment, key characteristics and life circumstances of this high-risk population. Results: After eligibility screening, 1,944 participants completed baseline and were randomized. Participants were racially diverse (58% African American), poor (51% < $10,000 annual pre-tax household income) and many reported less than high school education (30%). They reported a mean of 2.5 unmet social needs, especially childcare and paying bills, had high rates of stress, depressive symptoms and sleep problems, and most were in fair or poor health. There were few differences between these variables, and no differences between tobacco use and cessation variables, across the four study groups and between participants recruited pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: Trial recruitment through the 2-1-1 helpline is feasible for reaching a population of low-income smokers. Low-income smokers face myriad daily challenges beyond quitting smoking. Cessation interventions need to account for and address these life circumstances. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03194958.Rachel GargAmy McQueenChristina RobertsTaylor ButlerLauren M. GrimesTess ThompsonCharlene CaburnayJennifer WolffIrum JavedKelly M. CarpenterJordyn G. WarttsCindy CharlesValerie HowardMatthew W. KreuterElsevierarticleTobacco cessationSocial needsRandomized controlled trialTobacco quit linesHealth disparitiesMinority healthMedicine (General)R5-920ENContemporary Clinical Trials Communications, Vol 24, Iss , Pp 100857- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Tobacco cessation Social needs Randomized controlled trial Tobacco quit lines Health disparities Minority health Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Tobacco cessation Social needs Randomized controlled trial Tobacco quit lines Health disparities Minority health Medicine (General) R5-920 Rachel Garg Amy McQueen Christina Roberts Taylor Butler Lauren M. Grimes Tess Thompson Charlene Caburnay Jennifer Wolff Irum Javed Kelly M. Carpenter Jordyn G. Wartts Cindy Charles Valerie Howard Matthew W. Kreuter Stress, depression, sleep problems and unmet social needs: Baseline characteristics of low-income smokers in a randomized cessation trial
description	Background: Low-income Americans smoke cigarettes at higher rates and quit less than other groups. Methods: To increase their engagement in and success using evidence-based cessation methods, we tested two interventions using a 2x2 randomized factorial design: (1) telephone navigation to reduce financial strain and address social needs such as food, rent and utility payment; and (2) a specialized tobacco quitline designed for low-income smokers. From June 2017 to November 2020, we enrolled 1,944 low-income smokers in Missouri, USA, recruited through the Missouri 2-1-1 helpline, into the trial. This paper describes recruitment, key characteristics and life circumstances of this high-risk population. Results: After eligibility screening, 1,944 participants completed baseline and were randomized. Participants were racially diverse (58% African American), poor (51% < $10,000 annual pre-tax household income) and many reported less than high school education (30%). They reported a mean of 2.5 unmet social needs, especially childcare and paying bills, had high rates of stress, depressive symptoms and sleep problems, and most were in fair or poor health. There were few differences between these variables, and no differences between tobacco use and cessation variables, across the four study groups and between participants recruited pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: Trial recruitment through the 2-1-1 helpline is feasible for reaching a population of low-income smokers. Low-income smokers face myriad daily challenges beyond quitting smoking. Cessation interventions need to account for and address these life circumstances. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03194958.
format	article
author	Rachel Garg Amy McQueen Christina Roberts Taylor Butler Lauren M. Grimes Tess Thompson Charlene Caburnay Jennifer Wolff Irum Javed Kelly M. Carpenter Jordyn G. Wartts Cindy Charles Valerie Howard Matthew W. Kreuter
author_facet	Rachel Garg Amy McQueen Christina Roberts Taylor Butler Lauren M. Grimes Tess Thompson Charlene Caburnay Jennifer Wolff Irum Javed Kelly M. Carpenter Jordyn G. Wartts Cindy Charles Valerie Howard Matthew W. Kreuter
author_sort	Rachel Garg
title	Stress, depression, sleep problems and unmet social needs: Baseline characteristics of low-income smokers in a randomized cessation trial
title_short	Stress, depression, sleep problems and unmet social needs: Baseline characteristics of low-income smokers in a randomized cessation trial
title_full	Stress, depression, sleep problems and unmet social needs: Baseline characteristics of low-income smokers in a randomized cessation trial
title_fullStr	Stress, depression, sleep problems and unmet social needs: Baseline characteristics of low-income smokers in a randomized cessation trial
title_full_unstemmed	Stress, depression, sleep problems and unmet social needs: Baseline characteristics of low-income smokers in a randomized cessation trial
title_sort	stress, depression, sleep problems and unmet social needs: baseline characteristics of low-income smokers in a randomized cessation trial
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6ff7053966064b93a6d59c4b3c4c9198
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Stress, depression, sleep problems and unmet social needs: Baseline characteristics of low-income smokers in a randomized cessation trial

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