A metagenomics transect into the deepest point of the Baltic Sea reveals clear stratification of microbial functional capacities.

The Baltic Sea is characterized by hyposaline surface waters, hypoxic and anoxic deep waters and sediments. These conditions, which in turn lead to a steep oxygen gradient, are particularly evident at Landsort Deep in the Baltic Proper. Given these substantial differences in environmental parameters...

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Autores principales:	Petter Thureborn, Daniel Lundin, Josefin Plathan, Anthony M Poole, Britt-Marie Sjöberg, Sara Sjöling
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6ffae5e27b36468c89de8250d475fcaf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6ffae5e27b36468c89de8250d475fcaf2021-11-18T08:54:07ZA metagenomics transect into the deepest point of the Baltic Sea reveals clear stratification of microbial functional capacities.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0074983https://doaj.org/article/6ffae5e27b36468c89de8250d475fcaf2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24086414/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The Baltic Sea is characterized by hyposaline surface waters, hypoxic and anoxic deep waters and sediments. These conditions, which in turn lead to a steep oxygen gradient, are particularly evident at Landsort Deep in the Baltic Proper. Given these substantial differences in environmental parameters at Landsort Deep, we performed a metagenomic census spanning surface to sediment to establish whether the microbial communities at this site are as stratified as the physical environment. We report strong stratification across a depth transect for both functional capacity and taxonomic affiliation, with functional capacity corresponding most closely to key environmental parameters of oxygen, salinity and temperature. We report similarities in functional capacity between the hypoxic community and hadal zone communities, underscoring the substantial degree of eutrophication in the Baltic Proper. Reconstruction of the nitrogen cycle at Landsort deep shows potential for syntrophy between archaeal ammonium oxidizers and bacterial denitrification at anoxic depths, while anaerobic ammonium oxidation genes are absent, despite substantial ammonium levels below the chemocline. Our census also reveals enrichment in genetic prerequisites for a copiotrophic lifestyle and resistance mechanisms reflecting adaptation to prevalent eutrophic conditions and the accumulation of environmental pollutants resulting from ongoing anthropogenic pressures in the Baltic Sea.Petter ThurebornDaniel LundinJosefin PlathanAnthony M PooleBritt-Marie SjöbergSara SjölingPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 9, p e74983 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Petter Thureborn Daniel Lundin Josefin Plathan Anthony M Poole Britt-Marie Sjöberg Sara Sjöling A metagenomics transect into the deepest point of the Baltic Sea reveals clear stratification of microbial functional capacities.
description	The Baltic Sea is characterized by hyposaline surface waters, hypoxic and anoxic deep waters and sediments. These conditions, which in turn lead to a steep oxygen gradient, are particularly evident at Landsort Deep in the Baltic Proper. Given these substantial differences in environmental parameters at Landsort Deep, we performed a metagenomic census spanning surface to sediment to establish whether the microbial communities at this site are as stratified as the physical environment. We report strong stratification across a depth transect for both functional capacity and taxonomic affiliation, with functional capacity corresponding most closely to key environmental parameters of oxygen, salinity and temperature. We report similarities in functional capacity between the hypoxic community and hadal zone communities, underscoring the substantial degree of eutrophication in the Baltic Proper. Reconstruction of the nitrogen cycle at Landsort deep shows potential for syntrophy between archaeal ammonium oxidizers and bacterial denitrification at anoxic depths, while anaerobic ammonium oxidation genes are absent, despite substantial ammonium levels below the chemocline. Our census also reveals enrichment in genetic prerequisites for a copiotrophic lifestyle and resistance mechanisms reflecting adaptation to prevalent eutrophic conditions and the accumulation of environmental pollutants resulting from ongoing anthropogenic pressures in the Baltic Sea.
format	article
author	Petter Thureborn Daniel Lundin Josefin Plathan Anthony M Poole Britt-Marie Sjöberg Sara Sjöling
author_facet	Petter Thureborn Daniel Lundin Josefin Plathan Anthony M Poole Britt-Marie Sjöberg Sara Sjöling
author_sort	Petter Thureborn
title	A metagenomics transect into the deepest point of the Baltic Sea reveals clear stratification of microbial functional capacities.
title_short	A metagenomics transect into the deepest point of the Baltic Sea reveals clear stratification of microbial functional capacities.
title_full	A metagenomics transect into the deepest point of the Baltic Sea reveals clear stratification of microbial functional capacities.
title_fullStr	A metagenomics transect into the deepest point of the Baltic Sea reveals clear stratification of microbial functional capacities.
title_full_unstemmed	A metagenomics transect into the deepest point of the Baltic Sea reveals clear stratification of microbial functional capacities.
title_sort	metagenomics transect into the deepest point of the baltic sea reveals clear stratification of microbial functional capacities.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/6ffae5e27b36468c89de8250d475fcaf
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A metagenomics transect into the deepest point of the Baltic Sea reveals clear stratification of microbial functional capacities.

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